Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group

Abstract Background The shortage of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) beds among some Italian regions is a major concern, especially during epidemics. During respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis peak, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) often admit infants and toddlers requiring advan...

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Main Authors: Nunzia Decembrino, Roberta Leonardi, Tiziana Fedeli, Luana Conte, Chiara Distefano, Nicola Pozzi, Valeria Fichera, Ferdinando Spagnuolo, Camilla Gizzi, Fabio Mosca, Luigi Orfeo, Eloisa Gitto
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Italian Journal of Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01977-x
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author Nunzia Decembrino
Roberta Leonardi
Tiziana Fedeli
Luana Conte
Chiara Distefano
Nicola Pozzi
Valeria Fichera
Ferdinando Spagnuolo
Camilla Gizzi
Fabio Mosca
Luigi Orfeo
Eloisa Gitto
author_facet Nunzia Decembrino
Roberta Leonardi
Tiziana Fedeli
Luana Conte
Chiara Distefano
Nicola Pozzi
Valeria Fichera
Ferdinando Spagnuolo
Camilla Gizzi
Fabio Mosca
Luigi Orfeo
Eloisa Gitto
author_sort Nunzia Decembrino
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The shortage of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) beds among some Italian regions is a major concern, especially during epidemics. During respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis peak, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) often admit infants and toddlers requiring advanced respiratory support. We conducted a survey to quantify children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis in NICU in 2021 and to examine the adherence to treatment guidelines. Methods Early Childhood Intensive Care Working Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) conducted a survey distributed to SIN Network NICUs. The modified Delphi method was used to prepare the survey; duplicate responses were excluded. Analysis evaluated percentages. Results Response rate was 67% (78/117 NICUs). Geographic distribution of responding centers was: 51% Southern-Islands, 38% North, 11% Center; 50% were Territorial Hospitals, 20% University Hospitals. Of respondents, 55% have 5–10 NICU beds; 70% routinely admit children > 44 weeks postconceptional age and > 28 days old, with a rate of < 10 toddlers/year in 50% of cases, 10–20 toddlers/year in 25% of cases and > 20 toddlers/year in 15%. In 2021, 40% of NICUs admitted < 10 bronchiolitis cases, 29% 11–20 cases. RSV was the leading cause of bronchiolitis. Reasons for NICU admission were respiratory distress syndrome (92%), feeding difficulties (58%), comorbidities (20%). High-flow oxygen (87%) and non-invasive ventilation (60%) were common respiratory supports provided; 10% of patients needed invasive ventilation. Treatment included inhaled steroids (46%), bronchodilators/systemic steroids (32%), antibiotics (40%); 60% of centers did not use sedation during NIV; 30% used midazolam, 13% dexmedetomidine, < 10% fentanyl. Conclusions Our survey highlights that during the RSV epidemic, NICUs admitted toddlers to receive advanced respiratory support unavailable in pediatric ICUs. Most of the NICUs admitted fewer than 10 toddlers per year and less than 10 bronchiolitis, posing skill challenges for medical staff. This supports SIN’s proposal to identify some “extended NICUs” in regions with limited PICU beds, to centralize toddlers after an adequate training to gain knowledge/technical skills specific of pediatric critical care. This would help to overcome the PICU beds storage. Adherence to bronchiolitis management guidelines resulted suboptimal, with frequent but unrecommended use of inhaled steroids, bronchodilators, and antibiotics.
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spelling doaj-art-e28d30038dca4f4983930d8dace6bdf02025-08-20T02:37:33ZengBMCItalian Journal of Pediatrics1824-72882025-06-0151111110.1186/s13052-025-01977-xAdmission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study GroupNunzia Decembrino0Roberta Leonardi1Tiziana Fedeli2Luana Conte3Chiara Distefano4Nicola Pozzi5Valeria Fichera6Ferdinando Spagnuolo7Camilla Gizzi8Fabio Mosca9Luigi Orfeo10Eloisa Gitto11Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Rodolico San Marco”, University of CataniaPostgraduate Training Programme in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Esperimental Medicine, University of CataniaNeonatal Intensive Care Unit (T. F.), Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma and Azienda Socio-Sanitaria-Territoriale MonzaDepartment of Physics and Chemistry, University of PalermoPostgraduate Training Programme in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Esperimental Medicine, University of CataniaDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Pio HospitalPostgraduate Training Programme in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Esperimental Medicine, University of CataniaDepartment of Neonatology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale Sandro Pertini RomaFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICUNeonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, “San Giovanni Calibita” Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina Hospital RomaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, University of MessinaAbstract Background The shortage of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) beds among some Italian regions is a major concern, especially during epidemics. During respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis peak, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) often admit infants and toddlers requiring advanced respiratory support. We conducted a survey to quantify children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis in NICU in 2021 and to examine the adherence to treatment guidelines. Methods Early Childhood Intensive Care Working Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) conducted a survey distributed to SIN Network NICUs. The modified Delphi method was used to prepare the survey; duplicate responses were excluded. Analysis evaluated percentages. Results Response rate was 67% (78/117 NICUs). Geographic distribution of responding centers was: 51% Southern-Islands, 38% North, 11% Center; 50% were Territorial Hospitals, 20% University Hospitals. Of respondents, 55% have 5–10 NICU beds; 70% routinely admit children > 44 weeks postconceptional age and > 28 days old, with a rate of < 10 toddlers/year in 50% of cases, 10–20 toddlers/year in 25% of cases and > 20 toddlers/year in 15%. In 2021, 40% of NICUs admitted < 10 bronchiolitis cases, 29% 11–20 cases. RSV was the leading cause of bronchiolitis. Reasons for NICU admission were respiratory distress syndrome (92%), feeding difficulties (58%), comorbidities (20%). High-flow oxygen (87%) and non-invasive ventilation (60%) were common respiratory supports provided; 10% of patients needed invasive ventilation. Treatment included inhaled steroids (46%), bronchodilators/systemic steroids (32%), antibiotics (40%); 60% of centers did not use sedation during NIV; 30% used midazolam, 13% dexmedetomidine, < 10% fentanyl. Conclusions Our survey highlights that during the RSV epidemic, NICUs admitted toddlers to receive advanced respiratory support unavailable in pediatric ICUs. Most of the NICUs admitted fewer than 10 toddlers per year and less than 10 bronchiolitis, posing skill challenges for medical staff. This supports SIN’s proposal to identify some “extended NICUs” in regions with limited PICU beds, to centralize toddlers after an adequate training to gain knowledge/technical skills specific of pediatric critical care. This would help to overcome the PICU beds storage. Adherence to bronchiolitis management guidelines resulted suboptimal, with frequent but unrecommended use of inhaled steroids, bronchodilators, and antibiotics.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01977-xRSV bronchiolitisExtended NICUPICU shortageRespiratory support
spellingShingle Nunzia Decembrino
Roberta Leonardi
Tiziana Fedeli
Luana Conte
Chiara Distefano
Nicola Pozzi
Valeria Fichera
Ferdinando Spagnuolo
Camilla Gizzi
Fabio Mosca
Luigi Orfeo
Eloisa Gitto
Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group
Italian Journal of Pediatrics
RSV bronchiolitis
Extended NICU
PICU shortage
Respiratory support
title Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group
title_full Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group
title_fullStr Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group
title_full_unstemmed Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group
title_short Admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in Italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021: a survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology - Intensive Care of Early Childhood Study Group
title_sort admission rate for bronchiolitis of newborns and infants in italian neonatal intensive care units in 2021 a survey of the italian society of neonatology intensive care of early childhood study group
topic RSV bronchiolitis
Extended NICU
PICU shortage
Respiratory support
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01977-x
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