Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments

Abstract The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their dissemination in environmental microbiomes is a critical health concern. Water quality assessment and AMR surveillance are broadly focused on commonly found Enterobacterales, and mainly on the faecal indicator E. coli. In t...

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Main Authors: Anca Farkas, Anca Butiuc-Keul, Rahela Carpa, Edina Szekeres, Adela Teban-Man, Cristian Coman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08090-3
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author Anca Farkas
Anca Butiuc-Keul
Rahela Carpa
Edina Szekeres
Adela Teban-Man
Cristian Coman
author_facet Anca Farkas
Anca Butiuc-Keul
Rahela Carpa
Edina Szekeres
Adela Teban-Man
Cristian Coman
author_sort Anca Farkas
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their dissemination in environmental microbiomes is a critical health concern. Water quality assessment and AMR surveillance are broadly focused on commonly found Enterobacterales, and mainly on the faecal indicator E. coli. In this study, we analysed antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in 14 environmental isolates belonging to six neglected species. Genetic diversity was assessed by ERIC-PCR. Identified as Cronobacter sakazakii (1), Kluyvera intermedia (1), Leclercia adecarboxylata (1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (8), Raoultella terrigena (1), and Yersinia massiliensis (2), each isolate had a unique and distinct AMR profile. The isolates demonstrated intrinsic resistance to erythromycin and increased resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenem resistance. Ten isolates were MDR. Thirteen out of the 24 investigated ARGs were detected in bacterial genomes. Except for carbapenemases, various β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla CTX-M), and also tet, sul, erm, mef and qnr genes were found. A strong positive correlation was observed between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Due to its discriminatory power at the taxonomic level, ERIC-PCR fingerprinting provided a reliable and accurate molecular typing. Negative correlations between the number of ERIC bands, the magnitude of resistance and the biofilm score indicate that strains with abundant ERIC sequences are less likely to be resistant and to adhere to surfaces. This suggests that a high genome plasticity and adaptability prevents specific survival strategies and deserves further attention.
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spelling doaj-art-e2862add7ea74d70a544442b8234bdc32025-08-20T03:46:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-08090-3Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environmentsAnca Farkas0Anca Butiuc-Keul1Rahela Carpa2Edina Szekeres3Adela Teban-Man4Cristian Coman5Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai UniversityInstitute of Biological Research Cluj, NIRDBSInstitute of Biological Research Cluj, NIRDBSInstitute of Biological Research Cluj, NIRDBSAbstract The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their dissemination in environmental microbiomes is a critical health concern. Water quality assessment and AMR surveillance are broadly focused on commonly found Enterobacterales, and mainly on the faecal indicator E. coli. In this study, we analysed antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in 14 environmental isolates belonging to six neglected species. Genetic diversity was assessed by ERIC-PCR. Identified as Cronobacter sakazakii (1), Kluyvera intermedia (1), Leclercia adecarboxylata (1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (8), Raoultella terrigena (1), and Yersinia massiliensis (2), each isolate had a unique and distinct AMR profile. The isolates demonstrated intrinsic resistance to erythromycin and increased resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenem resistance. Ten isolates were MDR. Thirteen out of the 24 investigated ARGs were detected in bacterial genomes. Except for carbapenemases, various β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla CTX-M), and also tet, sul, erm, mef and qnr genes were found. A strong positive correlation was observed between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Due to its discriminatory power at the taxonomic level, ERIC-PCR fingerprinting provided a reliable and accurate molecular typing. Negative correlations between the number of ERIC bands, the magnitude of resistance and the biofilm score indicate that strains with abundant ERIC sequences are less likely to be resistant and to adhere to surfaces. This suggests that a high genome plasticity and adaptability prevents specific survival strategies and deserves further attention.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08090-3BiofilmCronobacterKluyveraLeclerciaRaoultellaYersinia
spellingShingle Anca Farkas
Anca Butiuc-Keul
Rahela Carpa
Edina Szekeres
Adela Teban-Man
Cristian Coman
Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
Scientific Reports
Biofilm
Cronobacter
Kluyvera
Leclercia
Raoultella
Yersinia
title Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
title_full Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
title_fullStr Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
title_full_unstemmed Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
title_short Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
title_sort overlooked enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments
topic Biofilm
Cronobacter
Kluyvera
Leclercia
Raoultella
Yersinia
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08090-3
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AT ancabutiuckeul overlookedenterobacteralesashostsofantimicrobialresistanceinaquaticenvironments
AT rahelacarpa overlookedenterobacteralesashostsofantimicrobialresistanceinaquaticenvironments
AT edinaszekeres overlookedenterobacteralesashostsofantimicrobialresistanceinaquaticenvironments
AT adelatebanman overlookedenterobacteralesashostsofantimicrobialresistanceinaquaticenvironments
AT cristiancoman overlookedenterobacteralesashostsofantimicrobialresistanceinaquaticenvironments