Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries
Abstract Sodium (Na)-air batteries show significant potential as alternatives to lithium-air batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and the abundant availability of sodium reserves. Nevertheless, the formation of complex products, specifically NaO2, Na2O2, Na2CO3·xH2O, during the mul...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60840-z |
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| author | Xue Sun Haitao Li Yajie Song Jiaxuan Liu Pengxiang Ji Xincheng Lei Xiangzhi zhang Qingsong Liu Menglu Li Biao Deng Dong Su Jiajun Wang |
| author_facet | Xue Sun Haitao Li Yajie Song Jiaxuan Liu Pengxiang Ji Xincheng Lei Xiangzhi zhang Qingsong Liu Menglu Li Biao Deng Dong Su Jiajun Wang |
| author_sort | Xue Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Sodium (Na)-air batteries show significant potential as alternatives to lithium-air batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and the abundant availability of sodium reserves. Nevertheless, the formation of complex products, specifically NaO2, Na2O2, Na2CO3·xH2O, during the multi-step reactions inevitably raises reconciled potential incompatibility that causes low efficiency and large overpotential. Here, we introduce a cascade electrocatalysis strategy that involves switchable metal and oxygen redox chemistry through electrochemical potential tuning. Leveraging the lithium ion spatial pinning effect, sodium ions trigger in the Na[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 electrode system to toggle the geometric state at a low electrochemical potential and oscillate among different catalytic states to achieve sequential conversion of complicated multi-step intermediates. The Na[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 catalyst effectively compartmentalizes the threshold potential that circumvents deactivating or competing pathways while coupling different catalytic cycles. As a result, the sodium-air battery employing this catalyst exhibits long-term reversibility over 1000 cycles with a decent catalysis efficiency exceeding 99%. Our results demonstrate that the cascade electrocatalysis strategy contributes to the design of integrated sodium-air batteries with long-term cycling stability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e285b4483568494295333ea66be071d2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-e285b4483568494295333ea66be071d22025-08-20T03:45:31ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-60840-zCascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteriesXue Sun0Haitao Li1Yajie Song2Jiaxuan Liu3Pengxiang Ji4Xincheng Lei5Xiangzhi zhang6Qingsong Liu7Menglu Li8Biao Deng9Dong Su10Jiajun Wang11MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyMOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyMOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyMOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyMOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyAbstract Sodium (Na)-air batteries show significant potential as alternatives to lithium-air batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and the abundant availability of sodium reserves. Nevertheless, the formation of complex products, specifically NaO2, Na2O2, Na2CO3·xH2O, during the multi-step reactions inevitably raises reconciled potential incompatibility that causes low efficiency and large overpotential. Here, we introduce a cascade electrocatalysis strategy that involves switchable metal and oxygen redox chemistry through electrochemical potential tuning. Leveraging the lithium ion spatial pinning effect, sodium ions trigger in the Na[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 electrode system to toggle the geometric state at a low electrochemical potential and oscillate among different catalytic states to achieve sequential conversion of complicated multi-step intermediates. The Na[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 catalyst effectively compartmentalizes the threshold potential that circumvents deactivating or competing pathways while coupling different catalytic cycles. As a result, the sodium-air battery employing this catalyst exhibits long-term reversibility over 1000 cycles with a decent catalysis efficiency exceeding 99%. Our results demonstrate that the cascade electrocatalysis strategy contributes to the design of integrated sodium-air batteries with long-term cycling stability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60840-z |
| spellingShingle | Xue Sun Haitao Li Yajie Song Jiaxuan Liu Pengxiang Ji Xincheng Lei Xiangzhi zhang Qingsong Liu Menglu Li Biao Deng Dong Su Jiajun Wang Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries Nature Communications |
| title | Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries |
| title_full | Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries |
| title_fullStr | Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries |
| title_short | Cascade reactors for long-life solid-state sodium–air batteries |
| title_sort | cascade reactors for long life solid state sodium air batteries |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60840-z |
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