“One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) represents a valuable ester of caffeic acid, which, over time, has demonstrated remarkable pharmacological properties. In general, the ester is obtained in organic solvents, especially by the esterification reaction of caffeic acid (CA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE). I...

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Main Authors: Maria Roberta Tripon, Camelia Tulcan, Simona Marc, Dorin-Dumitru Camen, Cristina Paul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/181
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author Maria Roberta Tripon
Camelia Tulcan
Simona Marc
Dorin-Dumitru Camen
Cristina Paul
author_facet Maria Roberta Tripon
Camelia Tulcan
Simona Marc
Dorin-Dumitru Camen
Cristina Paul
author_sort Maria Roberta Tripon
collection DOAJ
description Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) represents a valuable ester of caffeic acid, which, over time, has demonstrated remarkable pharmacological properties. In general, the ester is obtained in organic solvents, especially by the esterification reaction of caffeic acid (CA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE). In this context, the purpose of this study was the use of the “one pot” system to synthesize CAPE through biocatalysis with various lipases in a choline-chloride-based DES system, employing the “2-in-1” concept, where one of the substrates functions as both reactant and solvent. The synthesis process of CAPE is contingent on the molar ratio between CA and PE; thus, this factor was the primary subject of investigation, with different molar ratios of CA and PE being studied. Furthermore, the impact of temperature, time, the nature of the biocatalyst, and the water loading of the DES system was also examined. This ‘green’ synthesis method, which has demonstrated encouraging reaction yields (%), could secure and maintain the therapeutic potential of CAPE, mainly due to the non-toxic character of the reaction medium.
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spelling doaj-art-e284e4b27f584711b6ac73fff18716a12025-08-20T02:44:59ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-01-0115218110.3390/biom15020181“One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic SolventMaria Roberta Tripon0Camelia Tulcan1Simona Marc2Dorin-Dumitru Camen3Cristina Paul4Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnologies and Environmental Protection, Politehnica University Timisoara, Vasile Pârvan No. 6, 300223 Timișoara, RomaniaCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) represents a valuable ester of caffeic acid, which, over time, has demonstrated remarkable pharmacological properties. In general, the ester is obtained in organic solvents, especially by the esterification reaction of caffeic acid (CA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE). In this context, the purpose of this study was the use of the “one pot” system to synthesize CAPE through biocatalysis with various lipases in a choline-chloride-based DES system, employing the “2-in-1” concept, where one of the substrates functions as both reactant and solvent. The synthesis process of CAPE is contingent on the molar ratio between CA and PE; thus, this factor was the primary subject of investigation, with different molar ratios of CA and PE being studied. Furthermore, the impact of temperature, time, the nature of the biocatalyst, and the water loading of the DES system was also examined. This ‘green’ synthesis method, which has demonstrated encouraging reaction yields (%), could secure and maintain the therapeutic potential of CAPE, mainly due to the non-toxic character of the reaction medium.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/181caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)enzymatic synthesisdeep eutectic solventreaction optimization
spellingShingle Maria Roberta Tripon
Camelia Tulcan
Simona Marc
Dorin-Dumitru Camen
Cristina Paul
“One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent
Biomolecules
caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)
enzymatic synthesis
deep eutectic solvent
reaction optimization
title “One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent
title_full “One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent
title_fullStr “One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent
title_full_unstemmed “One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent
title_short “One Pot” Enzymatic Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Deep Eutectic Solvent
title_sort one pot enzymatic synthesis of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in deep eutectic solvent
topic caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)
enzymatic synthesis
deep eutectic solvent
reaction optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/181
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