Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.

Plants are constantly under attack from a variety of microorganisms, and rely on a series of complex detection and response systems to protect themselves from infection. Here, we found that a by-product of glutamate fermentation triggered defense responses in grapevine, increasing the expression of...

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Main Authors: Yang Chen, Taito Takeda, Yoshinao Aoki, Keiko Fujita, Shunji Suzuki, Daisuke Igarashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113340&type=printable
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author Yang Chen
Taito Takeda
Yoshinao Aoki
Keiko Fujita
Shunji Suzuki
Daisuke Igarashi
author_facet Yang Chen
Taito Takeda
Yoshinao Aoki
Keiko Fujita
Shunji Suzuki
Daisuke Igarashi
author_sort Yang Chen
collection DOAJ
description Plants are constantly under attack from a variety of microorganisms, and rely on a series of complex detection and response systems to protect themselves from infection. Here, we found that a by-product of glutamate fermentation triggered defense responses in grapevine, increasing the expression of defense response genes in cultured cells, foliar chitinase activity, and resistance to infection by downy mildew in leaf explants. To identify the molecule that triggered this innate immunity, we fractionated and purified candidates extracted from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a bacterium used in the production of amino acids by fermentation. Using hydrolysis by lysozyme, a silkworm larva plasma detection system, and gel filtration analysis, we identified peptidoglycan as inducing the defense responses. Peptidoglycans of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus also generated similar defensive responses.
format Article
id doaj-art-e28487d18b294275a081d808b88ed91a
institution DOAJ
issn 1932-6203
language English
publishDate 2014-01-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS ONE
spelling doaj-art-e28487d18b294275a081d808b88ed91a2025-08-20T03:01:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01911e11334010.1371/journal.pone.0113340Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.Yang ChenTaito TakedaYoshinao AokiKeiko FujitaShunji SuzukiDaisuke IgarashiPlants are constantly under attack from a variety of microorganisms, and rely on a series of complex detection and response systems to protect themselves from infection. Here, we found that a by-product of glutamate fermentation triggered defense responses in grapevine, increasing the expression of defense response genes in cultured cells, foliar chitinase activity, and resistance to infection by downy mildew in leaf explants. To identify the molecule that triggered this innate immunity, we fractionated and purified candidates extracted from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a bacterium used in the production of amino acids by fermentation. Using hydrolysis by lysozyme, a silkworm larva plasma detection system, and gel filtration analysis, we identified peptidoglycan as inducing the defense responses. Peptidoglycans of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus also generated similar defensive responses.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113340&type=printable
spellingShingle Yang Chen
Taito Takeda
Yoshinao Aoki
Keiko Fujita
Shunji Suzuki
Daisuke Igarashi
Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.
PLoS ONE
title Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.
title_full Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.
title_fullStr Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.
title_full_unstemmed Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.
title_short Peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.
title_sort peptidoglycan from fermentation by product triggers defense responses in grapevine
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113340&type=printable
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