Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review
BackgroundAnti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies that target LGI1 (LGI1-IgG). It typically presents with cognitive impairment, psychiatric disturbances, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycop...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1585730/full |
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| author | Xiaojiao Ci Liuyu Lin Yuqing Wu Yifang Ma Jie Lu |
| author_facet | Xiaojiao Ci Liuyu Lin Yuqing Wu Yifang Ma Jie Lu |
| author_sort | Xiaojiao Ci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAnti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies that target LGI1 (LGI1-IgG). It typically presents with cognitive impairment, psychiatric disturbances, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is currently recognized as a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). The co-occurrence of anti-LGI1 encephalitis and MOG-IgG is a rare phenomenon.MethodsWe report a case of anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis combined with MOG-IgG. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases. We utilized the following search terms: (“Limbic Encephalitis”[MeSH Terms] OR (“autoimmune encephalitis”[Title/Abstract] OR “AE”[Title/Abstract])) AND (“Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein”[MeSH Terms] OR “demyelinating autoimmune diseases, cns”[MeSH Terms] OR (“MOG-IgG”[Title/Abstract] OR “MOGAD”[Title/Abstract])). The search was constrained to the period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024.ResultsA total of nine papers involving 11 patients were included in the study. Three patients exhibited MOG-IgG in combination with LGI1-IgG. The majority of cases presented with encephalopathic symptoms. Visual changes were observed in a few cases with low titers of serum MOG-IgG or solely in the presence of MOG-IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).ConclusionThe occurrence of anti-LGI1 encephalitis alongside MOG-IgG is a relatively rare phenomenon. The clinical manifestation of encephalopathy in patients with coexisting antibodies presents a significant challenge for clinicians regarding timely diagnosis, highlighting the need for increased vigilance in daily practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e27b90ffd722427d9335ce03016091bc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-e27b90ffd722427d9335ce03016091bc2025-08-20T03:17:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612025-07-011910.3389/fnhum.2025.15857301585730Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature reviewXiaojiao CiLiuyu LinYuqing WuYifang MaJie LuBackgroundAnti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies that target LGI1 (LGI1-IgG). It typically presents with cognitive impairment, psychiatric disturbances, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is currently recognized as a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). The co-occurrence of anti-LGI1 encephalitis and MOG-IgG is a rare phenomenon.MethodsWe report a case of anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis combined with MOG-IgG. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases. We utilized the following search terms: (“Limbic Encephalitis”[MeSH Terms] OR (“autoimmune encephalitis”[Title/Abstract] OR “AE”[Title/Abstract])) AND (“Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein”[MeSH Terms] OR “demyelinating autoimmune diseases, cns”[MeSH Terms] OR (“MOG-IgG”[Title/Abstract] OR “MOGAD”[Title/Abstract])). The search was constrained to the period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024.ResultsA total of nine papers involving 11 patients were included in the study. Three patients exhibited MOG-IgG in combination with LGI1-IgG. The majority of cases presented with encephalopathic symptoms. Visual changes were observed in a few cases with low titers of serum MOG-IgG or solely in the presence of MOG-IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).ConclusionThe occurrence of anti-LGI1 encephalitis alongside MOG-IgG is a relatively rare phenomenon. The clinical manifestation of encephalopathy in patients with coexisting antibodies presents a significant challenge for clinicians regarding timely diagnosis, highlighting the need for increased vigilance in daily practice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1585730/fullmyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodyanti-LGI1 antibodyencephalitisanti-LGI1 and anti-MOGco-existing antibodies and autoimmune encephalitismultiple antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis |
| spellingShingle | Xiaojiao Ci Liuyu Lin Yuqing Wu Yifang Ma Jie Lu Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review Frontiers in Human Neuroscience myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis anti-LGI1 and anti-MOG co-existing antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis multiple antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis |
| title | Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review |
| title_full | Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review |
| title_fullStr | Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review |
| title_short | Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review |
| title_sort | anti lgi1 encephalitis and co existence of mog igg a case report and literature review |
| topic | myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis anti-LGI1 and anti-MOG co-existing antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis multiple antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1585730/full |
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