Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients
Abstract Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of thyroid cells through cellular and antibody-mediated immune responses. Currently, no single test definitively diagnoses HT. Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce...
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SpringerOpen
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-025-00444-7 |
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| author | Russul Arkan Hassan Ali Noha Ahmed Mahana Ali Abdul Hussein Mahdi Daoud Salman Wahb Anwar Bakr Abeer Mohamod Badr |
| author_facet | Russul Arkan Hassan Ali Noha Ahmed Mahana Ali Abdul Hussein Mahdi Daoud Salman Wahb Anwar Bakr Abeer Mohamod Badr |
| author_sort | Russul Arkan Hassan Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of thyroid cells through cellular and antibody-mediated immune responses. Currently, no single test definitively diagnoses HT. Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This research aims to design a diagnostic curve to diagnose Hashimoto’s disease and distinguish it from hypothyroidism based on the percentages of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHR), T3, T4, and TSH. Methods A total of 180 participants were categorized into three groups: HT (n = 60), hypothyroidism (n = 60), and control (n = 60). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TSHR levels, while PCR technology was employed to analyze anti-TPO gene expression. Clinical data, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and levothyroxine (LT4) treatment doses, were assessed across groups. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, or LT4 dosage among the groups. However, BMI was significantly higher in the HT and hypothyroidism groups compared to the control group. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TSHR levels across the study groups. Notably, anti-TPO gene expression was significantly elevated in HT patients, with a fold change of 274.4, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic marker. The diagnostic curve approach successfully differentiated HT from hypothyroidism based on the percentage distributions of the five measured parameters (10%, 17%, 45%, 66%, and 81% for HT patients). Conclusions Anti-TPO gene expression demonstrated 100% specificity and 89.5% sensitivity in diagnosing HT, reinforcing its role as a strong biomarker for HT detection. This method offers a simplified, accurate, and clinically applicable approach for diagnosing autoimmune thyroid disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e27234122f184de6ba2b016f4da0d299 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-990X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e27234122f184de6ba2b016f4da0d2992025-08-20T01:51:36ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Basic and Applied Zoology2090-990X2025-05-0186111110.1186/s41936-025-00444-7Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patientsRussul Arkan Hassan Ali0Noha Ahmed Mahana1Ali Abdul Hussein Mahdi2Daoud Salman Wahb3Anwar Bakr4Abeer Mohamod Badr5Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityMedical Laboratory Science Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical UniversityMedical Laboratory Science Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityAbstract Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of thyroid cells through cellular and antibody-mediated immune responses. Currently, no single test definitively diagnoses HT. Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This research aims to design a diagnostic curve to diagnose Hashimoto’s disease and distinguish it from hypothyroidism based on the percentages of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHR), T3, T4, and TSH. Methods A total of 180 participants were categorized into three groups: HT (n = 60), hypothyroidism (n = 60), and control (n = 60). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TSHR levels, while PCR technology was employed to analyze anti-TPO gene expression. Clinical data, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and levothyroxine (LT4) treatment doses, were assessed across groups. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, or LT4 dosage among the groups. However, BMI was significantly higher in the HT and hypothyroidism groups compared to the control group. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TSHR levels across the study groups. Notably, anti-TPO gene expression was significantly elevated in HT patients, with a fold change of 274.4, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic marker. The diagnostic curve approach successfully differentiated HT from hypothyroidism based on the percentage distributions of the five measured parameters (10%, 17%, 45%, 66%, and 81% for HT patients). Conclusions Anti-TPO gene expression demonstrated 100% specificity and 89.5% sensitivity in diagnosing HT, reinforcing its role as a strong biomarker for HT detection. This method offers a simplified, accurate, and clinically applicable approach for diagnosing autoimmune thyroid disorders.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-025-00444-7Hashimoto’s thyroiditisHypothyroidismAnti-TPOAnti-TSHRT3T4 |
| spellingShingle | Russul Arkan Hassan Ali Noha Ahmed Mahana Ali Abdul Hussein Mahdi Daoud Salman Wahb Anwar Bakr Abeer Mohamod Badr Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Hypothyroidism Anti-TPO Anti-TSHR T3 T4 |
| title | Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients |
| title_full | Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients |
| title_fullStr | Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients |
| title_short | Anti-TPO and anti-TSHR antibodies in combination with T3, T4, and TSH exhibited a diagnostic curve for Hashimoto patients |
| title_sort | anti tpo and anti tshr antibodies in combination with t3 t4 and tsh exhibited a diagnostic curve for hashimoto patients |
| topic | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Hypothyroidism Anti-TPO Anti-TSHR T3 T4 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-025-00444-7 |
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