Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study

Abstract Background and aim The alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a novel inflammatory biomarker, and inflammation has been implicated in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between AGP and hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis and to ass...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Sichang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04212-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849735917640613888
author Sichang Wang
author_facet Sichang Wang
author_sort Sichang Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background and aim The alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a novel inflammatory biomarker, and inflammation has been implicated in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between AGP and hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis and to assess its value as a potential biomarker. Methods and results In this study, the authors used data from NHANES between 2017 and 2023, adopting a cross-sectional design. In the multivariate linear regression model, the natural logarithm of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (Ln AGP) was considered in relation to CAP and LSM. Smooth curve fitting was performed to address potential nonlinear relationships. The study involved 2,608 adult women aged 18 to 49 years. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated a significant positive association between Ln AGP and CAP (β = 17.80, 95% CI: 10.56–25.05; P < 0.0001), suggesting that higher AGP levels may be correlated with greater hepatic steatosis. However, no statistically significant linear association was found between Ln AGP and LSM (β = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.93 to 0.12; P = 0.1307). Importantly, subsequent analysis revealed a significant L-shaped nonlinear association, with an inflection point identified at an Ln AGP of 0.05 g/L. It is important to note that due to the cross-sectional design, these findings reflect associations rather than causal relationships. Conclusions Our cross-sectional study found that elevated AGP concentrations are associated with greater hepatic steatosis (CAP; β = 17.80, 95% CI: 10.56–25.05; P < 0.0001), though this design cannot establish causality. For hepatic fibrosis (LSM), while no significant linear association was observed (β = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.93 to 0.12; P = 0.1307), a significant nonlinear L-shaped relationship was identified, indicating a complex association. These findings highlight the necessity for future research to investigate potential causal relationships between AGP and liver health.
format Article
id doaj-art-e25de80af21942ef8f894923685e972c
institution DOAJ
issn 1471-230X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Gastroenterology
spelling doaj-art-e25de80af21942ef8f894923685e972c2025-08-20T03:07:25ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-08-0125111310.1186/s12876-025-04212-3Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based studySichang Wang0Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Background and aim The alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a novel inflammatory biomarker, and inflammation has been implicated in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between AGP and hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis and to assess its value as a potential biomarker. Methods and results In this study, the authors used data from NHANES between 2017 and 2023, adopting a cross-sectional design. In the multivariate linear regression model, the natural logarithm of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (Ln AGP) was considered in relation to CAP and LSM. Smooth curve fitting was performed to address potential nonlinear relationships. The study involved 2,608 adult women aged 18 to 49 years. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated a significant positive association between Ln AGP and CAP (β = 17.80, 95% CI: 10.56–25.05; P < 0.0001), suggesting that higher AGP levels may be correlated with greater hepatic steatosis. However, no statistically significant linear association was found between Ln AGP and LSM (β = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.93 to 0.12; P = 0.1307). Importantly, subsequent analysis revealed a significant L-shaped nonlinear association, with an inflection point identified at an Ln AGP of 0.05 g/L. It is important to note that due to the cross-sectional design, these findings reflect associations rather than causal relationships. Conclusions Our cross-sectional study found that elevated AGP concentrations are associated with greater hepatic steatosis (CAP; β = 17.80, 95% CI: 10.56–25.05; P < 0.0001), though this design cannot establish causality. For hepatic fibrosis (LSM), while no significant linear association was observed (β = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.93 to 0.12; P = 0.1307), a significant nonlinear L-shaped relationship was identified, indicating a complex association. These findings highlight the necessity for future research to investigate potential causal relationships between AGP and liver health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04212-3Alpha-1-acid glycoproteinHepatic steatosisHepatic fibrosisNHANESNAFLD
spellingShingle Sichang Wang
Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study
BMC Gastroenterology
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
Hepatic steatosis
Hepatic fibrosis
NHANES
NAFLD
title Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study
title_full Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study
title_fullStr Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study
title_full_unstemmed Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study
title_short Association of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women: a population-based study
title_sort association of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among women a population based study
topic Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
Hepatic steatosis
Hepatic fibrosis
NHANES
NAFLD
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04212-3
work_keys_str_mv AT sichangwang associationofalpha1acidglycoproteinwithhepaticsteatosisandliverfibrosisamongwomenapopulationbasedstudy