The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health

Introduction and purpose The abuse of performance enhancing substances (PES) is a significant issue in competitive sports, especially bodybuilding. Though the umbrella term PES includes many legal and generally healthy supplements such as creatine, it also means illicit substances such as the hu...

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Main Authors: Hubert Jucha, Katarzyna Żak, Weronika Jarych, Agnieszka Kluz, Katarzyna Madyniak, Aleksander Małachowski, Michał Mazur, Katarzyna Michalak, Aleksanda Pliszka, Krystian Zukierski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-05-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60297
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author Hubert Jucha
Katarzyna Żak
Weronika Jarych
Agnieszka Kluz
Katarzyna Madyniak
Aleksander Małachowski
Michał Mazur
Katarzyna Michalak
Aleksanda Pliszka
Krystian Zukierski
author_facet Hubert Jucha
Katarzyna Żak
Weronika Jarych
Agnieszka Kluz
Katarzyna Madyniak
Aleksander Małachowski
Michał Mazur
Katarzyna Michalak
Aleksanda Pliszka
Krystian Zukierski
author_sort Hubert Jucha
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and purpose The abuse of performance enhancing substances (PES) is a significant issue in competitive sports, especially bodybuilding. Though the umbrella term PES includes many legal and generally healthy supplements such as creatine, it also means illicit substances such as the human growth hormone  (HGH) and androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). Despite abundant research on the subject of AAS and HGH abuse on general health, how they affect the oral cavity and craniofacial bone structures remains severely understudied. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of AAS and HGH abuse on oral health.    Methods  A review of literature available on PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect (as of March 2025) on the subject of AAS and HGH abuse on oral health.   Results Both AAS and HGH can have a significant impact on the soft and osseous tissues of the craniofacial complex. The most significant and most often researched effects were acromegaly and periodontitis in case of HGH and AAS respectively. Gingival hyperplasia and increased bone trabeculation have also be observed in AAS abusers. Post-surgical tissue recovery and analgesic metabolism can also be altered by non-therapeutic AAS use.    Conclusion With more AAS and HGH abusing patients, due to their popularisation on social media, more research on this subject is necessary in order to formulate an appropriate approach to drug abusing patients. AAS and HGH use should be taken into consideration prior to invasive procedures in the oral cavity as well as during periodontal examination.
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spelling doaj-art-e25bedd6ac5546a6b405ea0edc2ddc032025-08-20T02:31:43ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-05-014110.12775/QS.2025.41.60297The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral healthHubert Jucha0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0182-627XKatarzyna Żak1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4036-090XWeronika Jarych2https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1335-8072Agnieszka Kluz3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7427-5818Katarzyna Madyniak4Aleksander Małachowski5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-0000Michał Mazur6https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8157-5293Katarzyna Michalak7https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0856-1536Aleksanda Pliszka8https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5938-5929Krystian Zukierski9https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1428-5744Fundacja Zdrowie, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 23, 02-781 Warszawa, PolandSaint Adalbert Hospital in Gdańsk, aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, PolandSzpital Morski im. PCK in Gdynia, Powstania Styczniowego 1, 81-519 Gdynia, PolandWolski Hospital, Marcina Kasprzaka 17, 01-211 Warszawa, PolandMedical University of WarsawSamodzielny Publiczny Zespół Opieki Zdrowotnej w Mińsku Mazowieckim, ul. Szpitalna 37, 05-300 Mińsk Mazowiecki, PolandSaint Adalbert Hospital in Gdansk, aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, PolandSzpital Morski im. PCK in Gdynia, Powstania Styczniowego 1, 81-519 Gdynia, PolandSaint Adalbert Hospital in Gdansk, aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, PolandSzpital Morski im. PCK in Gdynia, Powstania Styczniowego 1, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland Introduction and purpose The abuse of performance enhancing substances (PES) is a significant issue in competitive sports, especially bodybuilding. Though the umbrella term PES includes many legal and generally healthy supplements such as creatine, it also means illicit substances such as the human growth hormone  (HGH) and androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). Despite abundant research on the subject of AAS and HGH abuse on general health, how they affect the oral cavity and craniofacial bone structures remains severely understudied. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of AAS and HGH abuse on oral health.    Methods  A review of literature available on PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect (as of March 2025) on the subject of AAS and HGH abuse on oral health.   Results Both AAS and HGH can have a significant impact on the soft and osseous tissues of the craniofacial complex. The most significant and most often researched effects were acromegaly and periodontitis in case of HGH and AAS respectively. Gingival hyperplasia and increased bone trabeculation have also be observed in AAS abusers. Post-surgical tissue recovery and analgesic metabolism can also be altered by non-therapeutic AAS use.    Conclusion With more AAS and HGH abusing patients, due to their popularisation on social media, more research on this subject is necessary in order to formulate an appropriate approach to drug abusing patients. AAS and HGH use should be taken into consideration prior to invasive procedures in the oral cavity as well as during periodontal examination. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60297anabolic androgenic steroidshuman growth hormoneAASHGHoral healthdentistry
spellingShingle Hubert Jucha
Katarzyna Żak
Weronika Jarych
Agnieszka Kluz
Katarzyna Madyniak
Aleksander Małachowski
Michał Mazur
Katarzyna Michalak
Aleksanda Pliszka
Krystian Zukierski
The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
Quality in Sport
anabolic androgenic steroids
human growth hormone
AAS
HGH
oral health
dentistry
title The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
title_full The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
title_fullStr The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
title_short The Effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
title_sort effect of androgenic anabolic steroid and human growth hormone abuse on oral health
topic anabolic androgenic steroids
human growth hormone
AAS
HGH
oral health
dentistry
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60297
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