Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay
Strawberries are consumed worldwide mostly as fresh fruits. During strawberry cultivation, a wide scope of pesticides, primarily fungicides, is used to prevent pest attacks. Aiming to check the safety of strawberries in Uruguay, a first monitoring program (2019-2023) of pesticide and pesticide metab...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Agrociencia Uruguay |
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| Online Access: | https://agrocienciauruguay.uy/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1518/1830 |
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| author | Fiamma Pequeño Sofía Barrios Horacio Heinzen María Verónica Cesio Natalia Besil |
| author_facet | Fiamma Pequeño Sofía Barrios Horacio Heinzen María Verónica Cesio Natalia Besil |
| author_sort | Fiamma Pequeño |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Strawberries are consumed worldwide mostly as fresh fruits. During strawberry cultivation, a wide scope of pesticides, primarily fungicides, is used to prevent pest attacks. Aiming to check the safety of strawberries in Uruguay, a first monitoring program (2019-2023) of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues was conducted. A validated QuEChERS CEN 15662 allowed the LC-MS/MS determination of 41 compounds and the screening of 13 of the most relevant pesticide metabolites. Fifty-eight commercial samples were analyzed; on average four compounds per sample were quantified. The range of concentration was 0.005 to 5 mg kg-1. Seven compounds: carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, cyproconazole, iprodione, prochloraz, pyriproxyfen and propamocarb, consistently exceeded their Maximum Residue Levels according to the European Union. The presence of chlorpyrifos, cyproconazole, prochloraz and pyriproxyfen indicates improper use. Fungicides were the most frequently detected pesticides. The main cyprodinil metabolite, CGA304075, was detected in 61% of cyprodinil-positive samples, without any violation. This study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and rigorous regulatory controls to ensure the safety of strawberry consumption in Uruguay. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e24356e2453e4a4196ad2238aa02ae1a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2730-5066 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agrociencia Uruguay |
| spelling | doaj-art-e24356e2453e4a4196ad2238aa02ae1a2025-08-20T02:53:19ZengUniversidad de la República, Facultad de AgronomíaAgrociencia Uruguay2730-50662025-01-0129e151810.31285/AGRO.29.1518Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in UruguayFiamma Pequeño0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6454-6692Sofía Barrios1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-195XHoracio Heinzen2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-478XMaría Verónica Cesio3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-8317Natalia Besil4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-0449Universidad de la República, Facultad de Química, Programa de Posgrado en Química, Montevideo, UruguayUniversidad de la República, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Tecnologías Aplicadas a Procesos Alimentarios, Montevideo, UruguayUniversidad de la República, CenUR Litoral Norte, Departamento de Química del Litoral, Paysandú, Uruguay Universidad de la República, CenUR Litoral Norte, PDU: Abordaje Holístico al Estudio del Impacto de Pesticidas en Alimentos y en el Ambiente, Paysandú, Uruguay Universidad de la República, CenUR Litoral Norte, Departamento de Química del Litoral, Paysandú, Uruguay Strawberries are consumed worldwide mostly as fresh fruits. During strawberry cultivation, a wide scope of pesticides, primarily fungicides, is used to prevent pest attacks. Aiming to check the safety of strawberries in Uruguay, a first monitoring program (2019-2023) of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues was conducted. A validated QuEChERS CEN 15662 allowed the LC-MS/MS determination of 41 compounds and the screening of 13 of the most relevant pesticide metabolites. Fifty-eight commercial samples were analyzed; on average four compounds per sample were quantified. The range of concentration was 0.005 to 5 mg kg-1. Seven compounds: carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, cyproconazole, iprodione, prochloraz, pyriproxyfen and propamocarb, consistently exceeded their Maximum Residue Levels according to the European Union. The presence of chlorpyrifos, cyproconazole, prochloraz and pyriproxyfen indicates improper use. Fungicides were the most frequently detected pesticides. The main cyprodinil metabolite, CGA304075, was detected in 61% of cyprodinil-positive samples, without any violation. This study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and rigorous regulatory controls to ensure the safety of strawberry consumption in Uruguay.https://agrocienciauruguay.uy/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1518/1830monitoringstrawberriespesticide residuespesticide metaboliteslcms/ms |
| spellingShingle | Fiamma Pequeño Sofía Barrios Horacio Heinzen María Verónica Cesio Natalia Besil Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay Agrociencia Uruguay monitoring strawberries pesticide residues pesticide metabolites lcms/ms |
| title | Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay |
| title_full | Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay |
| title_fullStr | Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay |
| title_short | Survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in Uruguay |
| title_sort | survey of pesticide and pesticide metabolite residues in strawberries marketed in uruguay |
| topic | monitoring strawberries pesticide residues pesticide metabolites lcms/ms |
| url | https://agrocienciauruguay.uy/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1518/1830 |
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