Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide

Coastal regions are increasingly threatened by compound flooding due to the increasing intensities of storm surges and rainfall under climate change. However, relevant research has been limited because significant amounts of data, scenarios, and computations are often required to evaluate long-term...

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Main Authors: Jiun-Huei Jang, Tien-Hao Chang, Yen-Mo Wu, Ting-En Liao, Chih-Hung Hsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Hydrology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/182
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author Jiun-Huei Jang
Tien-Hao Chang
Yen-Mo Wu
Ting-En Liao
Chih-Hung Hsu
author_facet Jiun-Huei Jang
Tien-Hao Chang
Yen-Mo Wu
Ting-En Liao
Chih-Hung Hsu
author_sort Jiun-Huei Jang
collection DOAJ
description Coastal regions are increasingly threatened by compound flooding due to the increasing intensities of storm surges and rainfall under climate change. However, relevant research has been limited because significant amounts of data, scenarios, and computations are often required to evaluate long-term variations in compound flood risk. In this study, a framework was proposed through efficient hydraulic simulations and a consequence-based statistical method using data projected under different general circulation models (GCMs). The analysis focuses on analyzing the interdecadal trends of compound flood risk for a coastal area in southwestern Taiwan across a baseline period and four future periods in the short-term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), mid-to-long-term (2061–2080), and long-term (2081–2100). Although discrepancies exist in the short term, the results show that the values of the annual maximum flood area exhibit an increasing pattern in the future for all GCMs by increasing about 27.8% on average at the end of the 21st century. This means that, under the same flood areas given in the baseline period, the return periods will decrease, and flood events will occur more frequently in the future. This framework can be extended to other regions to assess the impacts of compound flooding with different geographical and meteorological conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-e239b31facef47f788d0a1f44ba3a9692025-08-20T02:45:46ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382025-07-0112718210.3390/hydrology12070182Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and TideJiun-Huei Jang0Tien-Hao Chang1Yen-Mo Wu2Ting-En Liao3Chih-Hung Hsu4Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanOcean Engineering Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, TaiwanCoastal regions are increasingly threatened by compound flooding due to the increasing intensities of storm surges and rainfall under climate change. However, relevant research has been limited because significant amounts of data, scenarios, and computations are often required to evaluate long-term variations in compound flood risk. In this study, a framework was proposed through efficient hydraulic simulations and a consequence-based statistical method using data projected under different general circulation models (GCMs). The analysis focuses on analyzing the interdecadal trends of compound flood risk for a coastal area in southwestern Taiwan across a baseline period and four future periods in the short-term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), mid-to-long-term (2061–2080), and long-term (2081–2100). Although discrepancies exist in the short term, the results show that the values of the annual maximum flood area exhibit an increasing pattern in the future for all GCMs by increasing about 27.8% on average at the end of the 21st century. This means that, under the same flood areas given in the baseline period, the return periods will decrease, and flood events will occur more frequently in the future. This framework can be extended to other regions to assess the impacts of compound flooding with different geographical and meteorological conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/182compound floodingclimate changeflood riskGCM
spellingShingle Jiun-Huei Jang
Tien-Hao Chang
Yen-Mo Wu
Ting-En Liao
Chih-Hung Hsu
Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide
Hydrology
compound flooding
climate change
flood risk
GCM
title Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide
title_full Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide
title_fullStr Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide
title_short Analyzing the Impact of Climate Change on Compound Flooding Under Interdecadal Variations in Rainfall and Tide
title_sort analyzing the impact of climate change on compound flooding under interdecadal variations in rainfall and tide
topic compound flooding
climate change
flood risk
GCM
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/182
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