Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study
Introduction Injury is a major cause of death in Rwanda, with many deaths occurring before hospital admission. Timely transport of injured patients to appropriate hospitals is crucial, ideally within an hour for severely injured patients. However, delays in reaching treatment facilities are common,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e100826.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849404884904837120 |
|---|---|
| author | Antonio Belli Karla Hemming Justine Davies Lucia D'Ambruoso Laura Bojke Sudha Jayaraman Agnieszka Ignatowicz Motunrayo Ajisola Aurore Nishimwe Jean Claude Byiringiro Laura Quinn Barnabas Tobi Alayande Nuhu Assuman Fabien Hagenimana Ephrem Daniel Sheferaw Oda Munyura Rob Rickard Philbert Muhire Irene Bagahirwa |
| author_facet | Antonio Belli Karla Hemming Justine Davies Lucia D'Ambruoso Laura Bojke Sudha Jayaraman Agnieszka Ignatowicz Motunrayo Ajisola Aurore Nishimwe Jean Claude Byiringiro Laura Quinn Barnabas Tobi Alayande Nuhu Assuman Fabien Hagenimana Ephrem Daniel Sheferaw Oda Munyura Rob Rickard Philbert Muhire Irene Bagahirwa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Injury is a major cause of death in Rwanda, with many deaths occurring before hospital admission. Timely transport of injured patients to appropriate hospitals is crucial, ideally within an hour for severely injured patients. However, delays in reaching treatment facilities are common, with ambulance services using inefficient mobile phone communication. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of an innovative electronic communication platform (912Rwanda).Methods and analysis The study will be conducted through the public ambulance service, Service d’Aide Médicale d’Urgence (SAMU), and receiving health facilities in Kigali city and Musanze district in Rwanda. The 912Rwanda intervention will be rolled out in the two locations at different times. The primary effectiveness outcome is the time from ambulance deployment to patient arrival at the health facility. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include disaggregated times of the primary outcome and clinical outcomes, such as length of stay and requirement for intensive care. These outcomes will be evaluated using an interrupted time series analysis, accounting for non-homogeneous variances, auto-regressive errors and non-linear trends where appropriate. Implementation outcomes will be evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) Qualitative Evaluation for Systematic Translation (QuEST) framework. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated using a cost-consequence analysis with consequences as determined by the interrupted time series analysis.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Rwanda National Research Ethics Committee (Ref No: 99/RNEC/2023). Dissemination will occur through open-access peer-reviewed publications, relevant national and international conferences.Trial registration number ISRCTN97674565. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e229649612c44b189679d11d6532c591 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-e229649612c44b189679d11d6532c5912025-08-20T03:36:48ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-08-0115810.1136/bmjopen-2025-100826Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study 0Antonio BelliKarla HemmingJustine DaviesLucia D'AmbruosoLaura BojkeSudha JayaramanAgnieszka IgnatowiczMotunrayo AjisolaAurore NishimweJean Claude ByiringiroLaura QuinnBarnabas Tobi AlayandeNuhu AssumanFabien HagenimanaEphrem Daniel SheferawOda MunyuraRob RickardPhilbert MuhireIrene BagahirwaDepartment of Applied Health Sciences, Birmingham, UKIntroduction Injury is a major cause of death in Rwanda, with many deaths occurring before hospital admission. Timely transport of injured patients to appropriate hospitals is crucial, ideally within an hour for severely injured patients. However, delays in reaching treatment facilities are common, with ambulance services using inefficient mobile phone communication. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of an innovative electronic communication platform (912Rwanda).Methods and analysis The study will be conducted through the public ambulance service, Service d’Aide Médicale d’Urgence (SAMU), and receiving health facilities in Kigali city and Musanze district in Rwanda. The 912Rwanda intervention will be rolled out in the two locations at different times. The primary effectiveness outcome is the time from ambulance deployment to patient arrival at the health facility. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include disaggregated times of the primary outcome and clinical outcomes, such as length of stay and requirement for intensive care. These outcomes will be evaluated using an interrupted time series analysis, accounting for non-homogeneous variances, auto-regressive errors and non-linear trends where appropriate. Implementation outcomes will be evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) Qualitative Evaluation for Systematic Translation (QuEST) framework. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated using a cost-consequence analysis with consequences as determined by the interrupted time series analysis.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Rwanda National Research Ethics Committee (Ref No: 99/RNEC/2023). Dissemination will occur through open-access peer-reviewed publications, relevant national and international conferences.Trial registration number ISRCTN97674565.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e100826.full |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Belli Karla Hemming Justine Davies Lucia D'Ambruoso Laura Bojke Sudha Jayaraman Agnieszka Ignatowicz Motunrayo Ajisola Aurore Nishimwe Jean Claude Byiringiro Laura Quinn Barnabas Tobi Alayande Nuhu Assuman Fabien Hagenimana Ephrem Daniel Sheferaw Oda Munyura Rob Rickard Philbert Muhire Irene Bagahirwa Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study BMJ Open |
| title | Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study |
| title_full | Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study |
| title_fullStr | Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study |
| title_short | Use of an innovative electronic communications platform (912Rwanda) to improve prehospital transport of injured people in Rwanda: protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation interrupted time series study |
| title_sort | use of an innovative electronic communications platform 912rwanda to improve prehospital transport of injured people in rwanda protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness implementation interrupted time series study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e100826.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT antoniobelli useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT karlahemming useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT justinedavies useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT luciadambruoso useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT laurabojke useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT sudhajayaraman useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT agnieszkaignatowicz useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT motunrayoajisola useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT aurorenishimwe useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT jeanclaudebyiringiro useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT lauraquinn useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT barnabastobialayande useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT nuhuassuman useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT fabienhagenimana useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT ephremdanielsheferaw useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT odamunyura useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT robrickard useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT philbertmuhire useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy AT irenebagahirwa useofaninnovativeelectroniccommunicationsplatform912rwandatoimproveprehospitaltransportofinjuredpeopleinrwandaprotocolforatype2hybrideffectivenessimplementationinterruptedtimeseriesstudy |