Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data

The level of detail (LOD) differentiates multi-scale representations of virtual 3D city models; however, the LOD tends to relay primarily the geometric details of buildings. When the LOD extends to other datasets, such as vegetation, transportation, terrain, water bodies, and city furniture, their L...

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Main Authors: Benjamin Boswick, Zachary Pankratz, Matthew Glowacki, Yuhao Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Architecture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8945/5/1/1
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author Benjamin Boswick
Zachary Pankratz
Matthew Glowacki
Yuhao Lu
author_facet Benjamin Boswick
Zachary Pankratz
Matthew Glowacki
Yuhao Lu
author_sort Benjamin Boswick
collection DOAJ
description The level of detail (LOD) differentiates multi-scale representations of virtual 3D city models; however, the LOD tends to relay primarily the geometric details of buildings. When the LOD extends to other datasets, such as vegetation, transportation, terrain, water bodies, and city furniture, their LODs are not as clearly defined. Despite the general acceptance of this categorization, existing LOD formats also neglect non-geometric attributes. Integrating geometric and attribute data enables geometrically accurate and data-rich 3D models, ensuring that representations are as accurate as possible and that analyses contain as much information as possible. This paper proposes a family of LOD definitions considering both geometric and attribute data based on the geometric complexity and difficulty of obtaining, archiving, processing, and distributing the data. These definitions are intended to apply to all datasets by determining divisions in the LOD typically experienced across urban 3D model elements and their associated datasets, including buildings, vegetation, roads, relief, water bodies, and city furniture. Universally applicable definitions for datasets allow individuals to recreate studies or representations of 3D models to ensure the relevant data are present. These definitions also assist data providers in evaluating their data infrastructure and further strategizing and prioritizing updates or upgrades.
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spelling doaj-art-e220c185bbd440d39743e66d2e4f6ab32025-08-20T03:43:14ZengMDPI AGArchitecture2673-89452024-12-0151110.3390/architecture5010001Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute DataBenjamin Boswick0Zachary Pankratz1Matthew Glowacki2Yuhao Lu3Faculty of Architecture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, CanadaFaculty of Architecture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, CanadaFaculty of Architecture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, CanadaFaculty of Architecture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, CanadaThe level of detail (LOD) differentiates multi-scale representations of virtual 3D city models; however, the LOD tends to relay primarily the geometric details of buildings. When the LOD extends to other datasets, such as vegetation, transportation, terrain, water bodies, and city furniture, their LODs are not as clearly defined. Despite the general acceptance of this categorization, existing LOD formats also neglect non-geometric attributes. Integrating geometric and attribute data enables geometrically accurate and data-rich 3D models, ensuring that representations are as accurate as possible and that analyses contain as much information as possible. This paper proposes a family of LOD definitions considering both geometric and attribute data based on the geometric complexity and difficulty of obtaining, archiving, processing, and distributing the data. These definitions are intended to apply to all datasets by determining divisions in the LOD typically experienced across urban 3D model elements and their associated datasets, including buildings, vegetation, roads, relief, water bodies, and city furniture. Universally applicable definitions for datasets allow individuals to recreate studies or representations of 3D models to ensure the relevant data are present. These definitions also assist data providers in evaluating their data infrastructure and further strategizing and prioritizing updates or upgrades.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8945/5/1/1level of detail (LOD)urban digital twins3D modellinggeometric dataattribute data
spellingShingle Benjamin Boswick
Zachary Pankratz
Matthew Glowacki
Yuhao Lu
Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data
Architecture
level of detail (LOD)
urban digital twins
3D modelling
geometric data
attribute data
title Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data
title_full Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data
title_fullStr Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data
title_full_unstemmed Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data
title_short Re-(De)fined Level of Detail for Urban Elements: Integrating Geometric and Attribute Data
title_sort re de fined level of detail for urban elements integrating geometric and attribute data
topic level of detail (LOD)
urban digital twins
3D modelling
geometric data
attribute data
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8945/5/1/1
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AT zacharypankratz redefinedlevelofdetailforurbanelementsintegratinggeometricandattributedata
AT matthewglowacki redefinedlevelofdetailforurbanelementsintegratinggeometricandattributedata
AT yuhaolu redefinedlevelofdetailforurbanelementsintegratinggeometricandattributedata