Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: African swine fever (ASF), a fatal febrile hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars, is caused by ASF virus (ASFV). ASF continues to spread across the globe, causing a significant impact on the world’s pig industry. Recently, highly virul...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Tomoya Kitamura Kentaro Masujin Mitsutaka Ikezawa Aruna Ambagala Takehiro Kokuho |
| author_facet | Tomoya Kitamura Kentaro Masujin Mitsutaka Ikezawa Aruna Ambagala Takehiro Kokuho |
| author_sort | Tomoya Kitamura |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: African swine fever (ASF), a fatal febrile hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars, is caused by ASF virus (ASFV). ASF continues to spread across the globe, causing a significant impact on the world’s pig industry. Recently, highly virulent chimeric ASFV (chASFV) strains with recombined genomes of the p72 genotype I and II viruses have been reported in China, Vietnam and Russia. <b>Methods</b>: In order to understand the propensity of ASFV genome for recombination, we attempted to experimentally generate chASFVs both in vitro and <i>in vivo</i> employing two distinct attenuated ASFV strains: OUR T88/3 (genotype I) and AQSΔB119L (genotype II). <b>Results</b>: When IPKM cells were co-infected with ASFV OUR T88/3 and AQSΔB119L strains, three genetically distinct chASFV emerged. When pigs were inoculated with the individual chASFV isolates, all pigs developed acute ASF. When four pigs were co-infected with ASFV OUR T88/3 and AQSΔB119L, all of them developed acute ASF and died or were euthanized. Three chASFV strains were successfully isolated from splenic homogenates from each pig. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our research indicates that genotype I and II chASFV with diverse genomes can be easily generated experimentally both in vitro and <i>in vivo</i>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e21f12b2d7784aedb5bda5eb7a787b1d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-e21f12b2d7784aedb5bda5eb7a787b1d2025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-04-0113546210.3390/vaccines13050462Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene ComplementationTomoya Kitamura0Kentaro Masujin1Mitsutaka Ikezawa2Aruna Ambagala3Takehiro Kokuho4National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tokyo 187-0022, JapanNational Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tokyo 187-0022, JapanNational Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tokyo 187-0022, JapanCanadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, CanadaNational Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tokyo 187-0022, Japan<b>Background/Objectives</b>: African swine fever (ASF), a fatal febrile hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars, is caused by ASF virus (ASFV). ASF continues to spread across the globe, causing a significant impact on the world’s pig industry. Recently, highly virulent chimeric ASFV (chASFV) strains with recombined genomes of the p72 genotype I and II viruses have been reported in China, Vietnam and Russia. <b>Methods</b>: In order to understand the propensity of ASFV genome for recombination, we attempted to experimentally generate chASFVs both in vitro and <i>in vivo</i> employing two distinct attenuated ASFV strains: OUR T88/3 (genotype I) and AQSΔB119L (genotype II). <b>Results</b>: When IPKM cells were co-infected with ASFV OUR T88/3 and AQSΔB119L strains, three genetically distinct chASFV emerged. When pigs were inoculated with the individual chASFV isolates, all pigs developed acute ASF. When four pigs were co-infected with ASFV OUR T88/3 and AQSΔB119L, all of them developed acute ASF and died or were euthanized. Three chASFV strains were successfully isolated from splenic homogenates from each pig. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our research indicates that genotype I and II chASFV with diverse genomes can be easily generated experimentally both in vitro and <i>in vivo</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/462African swine fever virusvaccineschimerization<i>in vitro</i><i>in vivo</i> |
| spellingShingle | Tomoya Kitamura Kentaro Masujin Mitsutaka Ikezawa Aruna Ambagala Takehiro Kokuho Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation Vaccines African swine fever virus vaccines chimerization <i>in vitro</i> <i>in vivo</i> |
| title | Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation |
| title_full | Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation |
| title_fullStr | Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation |
| title_short | Generation of Chimeric African Swine Fever Viruses Through <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Intergenotypic Gene Complementation |
| title_sort | generation of chimeric african swine fever viruses through i in vitro i and i in vivo i intergenotypic gene complementation |
| topic | African swine fever virus vaccines chimerization <i>in vitro</i> <i>in vivo</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/462 |
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