Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities

Abstract Background Phytosynthesis is gaining popularity, as it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly. Pterocarpus marsupium L., a widely recognized antidiabetic plant in ethnobotany, was employed in this study to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Pm-AgNPs). Methods The phytosynthesized AgNPs w...

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Main Authors: Subhadarshani Dhall, Sameer Ranjan Sahoo, Laxmikanta Acharya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07021-1
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author Subhadarshani Dhall
Sameer Ranjan Sahoo
Laxmikanta Acharya
author_facet Subhadarshani Dhall
Sameer Ranjan Sahoo
Laxmikanta Acharya
author_sort Subhadarshani Dhall
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Phytosynthesis is gaining popularity, as it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly. Pterocarpus marsupium L., a widely recognized antidiabetic plant in ethnobotany, was employed in this study to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Pm-AgNPs). Methods The phytosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), hydrodynamic diameter, zeta sizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Result The synthesis of Pm-AgNPs was confirmed due to a change in the color of the sample to dark brown and adsorption maxima (ƛ max) to 435. Also, the results of the FESEM analysis showed that the produced nanoparticles possess a uniform, spherical morphology, and size within 15–40 nm. The Pm-AgNPs showed significant antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 49.70 µg/mL, with significance p ≤ 0.05. AgNPs effectively inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes ɑ-amylase and ɑ-glucosidase with IC50 values of 55.64 and 39.13 mg mL-1, respectively with significance p ≤ 0.05, indicating their antidiabetic properties. AgNPs exhibit multiple mechanisms of action when combined with organic chemicals or antibiotics, demonstrating effectiveness against pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Pm–AgNPs showed MIC value of 50–100 µg/mL against K.pneumoniae and S. aureus, while 12.5–100 µg/mL against E.coli. 100 µg/mL of P. marsupium is effective against E.coli. Conclusion The results indicate that AgNPs have potential antibacterial, antidiabetic efficacy against major diabetes enzymes, making them suitable for nanobiomedical applications. This study provides a transformative approach to synthesizing AgNPs using Pterocarpus marsupium L., setting a new benchmark in the field of nanobiotechnology.
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spelling doaj-art-e21b60a26e9444c3acf134ac965e7a262025-08-20T01:49:48ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-05-017512110.1007/s42452-025-07021-1Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activitiesSubhadarshani Dhall0Sameer Ranjan Sahoo1Laxmikanta Acharya2Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sikhsha ‘O’ Anusandan (Deemed to Be University)Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sikhsha ‘O’ Anusandan (Deemed to Be University)Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sikhsha ‘O’ Anusandan (Deemed to Be University)Abstract Background Phytosynthesis is gaining popularity, as it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly. Pterocarpus marsupium L., a widely recognized antidiabetic plant in ethnobotany, was employed in this study to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Pm-AgNPs). Methods The phytosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), hydrodynamic diameter, zeta sizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Result The synthesis of Pm-AgNPs was confirmed due to a change in the color of the sample to dark brown and adsorption maxima (ƛ max) to 435. Also, the results of the FESEM analysis showed that the produced nanoparticles possess a uniform, spherical morphology, and size within 15–40 nm. The Pm-AgNPs showed significant antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 49.70 µg/mL, with significance p ≤ 0.05. AgNPs effectively inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes ɑ-amylase and ɑ-glucosidase with IC50 values of 55.64 and 39.13 mg mL-1, respectively with significance p ≤ 0.05, indicating their antidiabetic properties. AgNPs exhibit multiple mechanisms of action when combined with organic chemicals or antibiotics, demonstrating effectiveness against pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Pm–AgNPs showed MIC value of 50–100 µg/mL against K.pneumoniae and S. aureus, while 12.5–100 µg/mL against E.coli. 100 µg/mL of P. marsupium is effective against E.coli. Conclusion The results indicate that AgNPs have potential antibacterial, antidiabetic efficacy against major diabetes enzymes, making them suitable for nanobiomedical applications. This study provides a transformative approach to synthesizing AgNPs using Pterocarpus marsupium L., setting a new benchmark in the field of nanobiotechnology.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07021-1Sustainable synthesisPterocarpus marsupium L.Phytosynthesised AgNPsAntioxidantFree radicalsɑ-amylase
spellingShingle Subhadarshani Dhall
Sameer Ranjan Sahoo
Laxmikanta Acharya
Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
Discover Applied Sciences
Sustainable synthesis
Pterocarpus marsupium L.
Phytosynthesised AgNPs
Antioxidant
Free radicals
ɑ-amylase
title Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
title_full Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
title_fullStr Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
title_full_unstemmed Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
title_short Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium L. leaf extract and their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
title_sort phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using pterocarpus marsupium l leaf extract and their antidiabetic antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
topic Sustainable synthesis
Pterocarpus marsupium L.
Phytosynthesised AgNPs
Antioxidant
Free radicals
ɑ-amylase
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07021-1
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