Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water
Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may disrupt thyroid hormones although the literature shows mixed evidence of this effect and exposure to mixtures of PFAS remains poorly understood. We used the Michigan PFAS Exposure and Health Study cohort to examine linear and nonlinear associat...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91977-y |
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| author | Taylor S. Noyes Laura M. Abington T. Joost van ‘t Erve Ling Wang Jennifer M. McDonald Elizabeth A. Wasilevich Jennifer S. Gray Timothy A. Karrer Kristine Smith Jordan M. Bailey |
| author_facet | Taylor S. Noyes Laura M. Abington T. Joost van ‘t Erve Ling Wang Jennifer M. McDonald Elizabeth A. Wasilevich Jennifer S. Gray Timothy A. Karrer Kristine Smith Jordan M. Bailey |
| author_sort | Taylor S. Noyes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may disrupt thyroid hormones although the literature shows mixed evidence of this effect and exposure to mixtures of PFAS remains poorly understood. We used the Michigan PFAS Exposure and Health Study cohort to examine linear and nonlinear associations between serum PFAS concentrations, both alone and as a mixture, and serum thyroid hormone concentrations. Study participants included 728 adolescents and adults living in an area with past PFAS contamination of drinking water. We quantified 39 individual PFAS and four thyroid hormones in serum from participants between the years 2020 and 2021. Linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, supervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used. When analyzed individually, a 1% increase in PFUnA serum concentrations was associated with a 0.023% decrease in TT3 concentration (95% CI: -0.04%, -0.01%, p < 0.05). All three mixture analyses consistently indicated an inverse relationship between PFAS mixtures and TT3 concentrations: (1) a one standard deviation increase in the WQS of the PFAS mixture was associated with a 2.0% decrease in TT3 concentration (95% CI= -4%, 0%, p < 0.05) adjusting for covariates, (2) using PCA, one standard deviation increase in a PFAS mixture was associated with a 1.2% decrease in TT3 (95% CI: -2.1%, -0.4%), and (3) BKMR similarly suggested a negative association between the PFAS mixture and TT3. We observed cross-sectional associations between a mixture of serum PFAS concentrations and thyroid hormone dysregulation, largely manifesting as decreased TT3 serum concentrations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e21aaf926ba04dadb22d4d2cf7a59186 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e21aaf926ba04dadb22d4d2cf7a591862025-08-20T03:10:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-91977-yPer and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking waterTaylor S. Noyes0Laura M. Abington1T. Joost van ‘t Erve2Ling Wang3Jennifer M. McDonald4Elizabeth A. Wasilevich5Jennifer S. Gray6Timothy A. Karrer7Kristine Smith8Jordan M. Bailey9Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauDepartment of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State UniversityMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauDivision of Chemistry and Toxicology, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of LaboratoriesDivision of Infectious Disease, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of LaboratoriesMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Environmental Health BureauAbstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may disrupt thyroid hormones although the literature shows mixed evidence of this effect and exposure to mixtures of PFAS remains poorly understood. We used the Michigan PFAS Exposure and Health Study cohort to examine linear and nonlinear associations between serum PFAS concentrations, both alone and as a mixture, and serum thyroid hormone concentrations. Study participants included 728 adolescents and adults living in an area with past PFAS contamination of drinking water. We quantified 39 individual PFAS and four thyroid hormones in serum from participants between the years 2020 and 2021. Linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, supervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used. When analyzed individually, a 1% increase in PFUnA serum concentrations was associated with a 0.023% decrease in TT3 concentration (95% CI: -0.04%, -0.01%, p < 0.05). All three mixture analyses consistently indicated an inverse relationship between PFAS mixtures and TT3 concentrations: (1) a one standard deviation increase in the WQS of the PFAS mixture was associated with a 2.0% decrease in TT3 concentration (95% CI= -4%, 0%, p < 0.05) adjusting for covariates, (2) using PCA, one standard deviation increase in a PFAS mixture was associated with a 1.2% decrease in TT3 (95% CI: -2.1%, -0.4%), and (3) BKMR similarly suggested a negative association between the PFAS mixture and TT3. We observed cross-sectional associations between a mixture of serum PFAS concentrations and thyroid hormone dysregulation, largely manifesting as decreased TT3 serum concentrations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91977-yPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesPFASEpidemiologyEndocrine disruptionThyroid hormoneMixture analysis |
| spellingShingle | Taylor S. Noyes Laura M. Abington T. Joost van ‘t Erve Ling Wang Jennifer M. McDonald Elizabeth A. Wasilevich Jennifer S. Gray Timothy A. Karrer Kristine Smith Jordan M. Bailey Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water Scientific Reports Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFAS Epidemiology Endocrine disruption Thyroid hormone Mixture analysis |
| title | Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water |
| title_full | Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water |
| title_fullStr | Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water |
| title_short | Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water |
| title_sort | per and polyfluoroalkyl substances affect thyroid hormones for people with a history of exposure from drinking water |
| topic | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFAS Epidemiology Endocrine disruption Thyroid hormone Mixture analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91977-y |
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