Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress
Salinization severely impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) and foliar silicon fertilizer spraying (FSFS) on antioxidant resp...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2065 |
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| author | Jieru Zhao Qibiao Han Bingjian Cui Juan Wang Chao Hu Rui Li Yanyu Lin Ying Xu Chuncheng Liu |
| author_facet | Jieru Zhao Qibiao Han Bingjian Cui Juan Wang Chao Hu Rui Li Yanyu Lin Ying Xu Chuncheng Liu |
| author_sort | Jieru Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salinization severely impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) and foliar silicon fertilizer spraying (FSFS) on antioxidant responses in Pak choi under salt stress. Two-season pot experiments were carried out to evaluate key indicators, including antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase: SOD; peroxidase: POD; catalase: CAT), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde: MDA), osmolyte accumulation (proline, soluble protein), and hormones (Jasmonic Acid: JA; Salicylic Acid: SA; Abscisic acid: ABA). The results demonstrate that combining ST-PGPR with FSFS significantly enhances SOD (6.18–2353.85%), POD (3.44–153.29%), and CAT (25.71–319.29%) activities while reducing MDA content (8.12–35.87%). Proline and soluble protein levels increased by 1.56–15.71% and 5.03–188.87%, respectively. Hormonal regulation increased JA, SA, and ABA levels by 1.05–31.81%, 2.09–34.29%, and 3.18–30.09%, respectively. Notably, ST-PGPR treatments at 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> cfu·mL<sup>−1</sup>, combined with foliar silicon application, consistently ranked highest in overall antioxidant performance across both seasons based on a principal component analysis. These findings provide novel insights into microbial–mineral interactions for sustainable saline agriculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e219ab3a17d0481eb4001b48bd248e95 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-e219ab3a17d0481eb4001b48bd248e952025-08-20T03:50:20ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011413206510.3390/plants14132065Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt StressJieru Zhao0Qibiao Han1Bingjian Cui2Juan Wang3Chao Hu4Rui Li5Yanyu Lin6Ying Xu7Chuncheng Liu8College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaInstitute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaInstitute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaCollege of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaInstitute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaInstitute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaInstitute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaCollege of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaInstitute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaSalinization severely impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) and foliar silicon fertilizer spraying (FSFS) on antioxidant responses in Pak choi under salt stress. Two-season pot experiments were carried out to evaluate key indicators, including antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase: SOD; peroxidase: POD; catalase: CAT), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde: MDA), osmolyte accumulation (proline, soluble protein), and hormones (Jasmonic Acid: JA; Salicylic Acid: SA; Abscisic acid: ABA). The results demonstrate that combining ST-PGPR with FSFS significantly enhances SOD (6.18–2353.85%), POD (3.44–153.29%), and CAT (25.71–319.29%) activities while reducing MDA content (8.12–35.87%). Proline and soluble protein levels increased by 1.56–15.71% and 5.03–188.87%, respectively. Hormonal regulation increased JA, SA, and ABA levels by 1.05–31.81%, 2.09–34.29%, and 3.18–30.09%, respectively. Notably, ST-PGPR treatments at 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> cfu·mL<sup>−1</sup>, combined with foliar silicon application, consistently ranked highest in overall antioxidant performance across both seasons based on a principal component analysis. These findings provide novel insights into microbial–mineral interactions for sustainable saline agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2065antioxidant enzyme activationosmolyte accumulationhormonal regulationprincipal component analysissustainable saline agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Jieru Zhao Qibiao Han Bingjian Cui Juan Wang Chao Hu Rui Li Yanyu Lin Ying Xu Chuncheng Liu Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress Plants antioxidant enzyme activation osmolyte accumulation hormonal regulation principal component analysis sustainable saline agriculture |
| title | Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress |
| title_full | Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress |
| title_short | Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress |
| title_sort | synergistic effects of salt tolerant pgpr and foliar silicon on pak choi antioxidant defense under salt stress |
| topic | antioxidant enzyme activation osmolyte accumulation hormonal regulation principal component analysis sustainable saline agriculture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2065 |
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