Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review

The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. On the other hand, unexpected metastasis (UM) spread to uncommon sites has increasingly reported and consequently affected the pathway of diagnosis, staging, and manage...

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Main Authors: Osama Shaheen, Abdulaziz Ghibour, Bayan Alsaid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1657310
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author Osama Shaheen
Abdulaziz Ghibour
Bayan Alsaid
author_facet Osama Shaheen
Abdulaziz Ghibour
Bayan Alsaid
author_sort Osama Shaheen
collection DOAJ
description The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. On the other hand, unexpected metastasis (UM) spread to uncommon sites has increasingly reported and consequently affected the pathway of diagnosis, staging, and management. Using the PubMed database, a systematic search of the following headings “Esophageal” and “Metastasis” or “Metastases” was performed, 10049 articles were identified, and the articles were included if they demonstrated unexpected ECM. 84% of cases were men with an average age of 60.7 years. EC was located in the lower third in 65%. Two-thirds of the UM originated from the lower esophagus, and the two major histological types were adenocarcinoma 40% and squamous cell carcinoma 60%. Metastases were disseminated toward five main anatomical sites: the head and neck (42%), thoracic (17%), abdomen and pelvis (25%), extremities (9%), and multiple skin and muscle metastases (7%). The EC metastases were found to be synchronous 42% and metachronous 58%, isolated in 53.5% and multiple in 46.5%. The overall survival rate was 10.2 months. Since distant metastases are responsible for most EC-related deaths, understanding of ECM dissemination patterns needs more extensive studies. These critical data are the cornerstone of optimal cancer approach and treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-e2193f0b56d4497aa08956ff972b02732025-08-20T02:21:13ZengWileyGastroenterology Research and Practice1687-61211687-630X2017-01-01201710.1155/2017/16573101657310Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic ReviewOsama Shaheen0Abdulaziz Ghibour1Bayan Alsaid2Department of General Surgery, Damascus University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SyriaDepartment of General Surgery, Damascus University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SyriaDepartment of General Surgery, Damascus University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SyriaThe most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. On the other hand, unexpected metastasis (UM) spread to uncommon sites has increasingly reported and consequently affected the pathway of diagnosis, staging, and management. Using the PubMed database, a systematic search of the following headings “Esophageal” and “Metastasis” or “Metastases” was performed, 10049 articles were identified, and the articles were included if they demonstrated unexpected ECM. 84% of cases were men with an average age of 60.7 years. EC was located in the lower third in 65%. Two-thirds of the UM originated from the lower esophagus, and the two major histological types were adenocarcinoma 40% and squamous cell carcinoma 60%. Metastases were disseminated toward five main anatomical sites: the head and neck (42%), thoracic (17%), abdomen and pelvis (25%), extremities (9%), and multiple skin and muscle metastases (7%). The EC metastases were found to be synchronous 42% and metachronous 58%, isolated in 53.5% and multiple in 46.5%. The overall survival rate was 10.2 months. Since distant metastases are responsible for most EC-related deaths, understanding of ECM dissemination patterns needs more extensive studies. These critical data are the cornerstone of optimal cancer approach and treatment.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1657310
spellingShingle Osama Shaheen
Abdulaziz Ghibour
Bayan Alsaid
Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review
Gastroenterology Research and Practice
title Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review
title_full Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review
title_short Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review
title_sort esophageal cancer metastases to unexpected sites a systematic review
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1657310
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AT abdulazizghibour esophagealcancermetastasestounexpectedsitesasystematicreview
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