Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is associated with reduced sleep quality and anxiety, and can cause a decrease in quality of life in these patients. Despite previous studies investigating these factors, few studies have examined their co-occurrence in...

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Main Authors: Roya Farokhi, Farzaneh Rezaei, Sima Afrashteh, Davoud Adham, Somaieh Matin, Nategh Abbasgholizadeh, Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Endocrine Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01970-9
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author Roya Farokhi
Farzaneh Rezaei
Sima Afrashteh
Davoud Adham
Somaieh Matin
Nategh Abbasgholizadeh
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
author_facet Roya Farokhi
Farzaneh Rezaei
Sima Afrashteh
Davoud Adham
Somaieh Matin
Nategh Abbasgholizadeh
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
author_sort Roya Farokhi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is associated with reduced sleep quality and anxiety, and can cause a decrease in quality of life in these patients. Despite previous studies investigating these factors, few studies have examined their co-occurrence in these patients. To address this research gap, the present study aimed to determine the subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes based on quality of life, sleep quality, and anxiety in the subgroups of using latent class analysis (LCA). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage random sampling. A total of 308 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from health centers in Ardabil. All participants completed four sets of checklists and questionnaires, (Demographic characteristics, 12-item Short Form survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item). Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), chi square and latent class analysis. Results Three latent classes were identified: The first class (good status) included 56.4% of the participants. Also, the second (moderate status) and third (poor status) classes described 16.5% and 27.1% of the participants, respectively. In latent class 1, the probability of having good quality of life and good sleep quality was higher. In latent class 2, the probability of having moderate quality of life and poor sleep quality was higher. However, these patients revealed no anxiety. Those with third latent class membership were more likely to have moderate quality of life, poor sleep quality, and severe anxiety. Conclusion This study showed that sleep quality and anxiety is positively related to quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, this study indicated the co-occurrence of sleep quality and anxiety in these patients. Based on these findings, effective and targeted interventions can be designed to improve the health status and quality of life of these patients, taking into account sleep quality and anxiety.
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spelling doaj-art-e209cdcb05c04224b8dd5fbaa57b0e0c2025-08-20T02:39:43ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-06-012511810.1186/s12902-025-01970-9Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetesRoya Farokhi0Farzaneh Rezaei1Sima Afrashteh2Davoud Adham3Somaieh Matin4Nategh Abbasgholizadeh5Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo6Department of Health, Health Systems Research, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesAbstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is associated with reduced sleep quality and anxiety, and can cause a decrease in quality of life in these patients. Despite previous studies investigating these factors, few studies have examined their co-occurrence in these patients. To address this research gap, the present study aimed to determine the subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes based on quality of life, sleep quality, and anxiety in the subgroups of using latent class analysis (LCA). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage random sampling. A total of 308 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from health centers in Ardabil. All participants completed four sets of checklists and questionnaires, (Demographic characteristics, 12-item Short Form survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item). Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), chi square and latent class analysis. Results Three latent classes were identified: The first class (good status) included 56.4% of the participants. Also, the second (moderate status) and third (poor status) classes described 16.5% and 27.1% of the participants, respectively. In latent class 1, the probability of having good quality of life and good sleep quality was higher. In latent class 2, the probability of having moderate quality of life and poor sleep quality was higher. However, these patients revealed no anxiety. Those with third latent class membership were more likely to have moderate quality of life, poor sleep quality, and severe anxiety. Conclusion This study showed that sleep quality and anxiety is positively related to quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, this study indicated the co-occurrence of sleep quality and anxiety in these patients. Based on these findings, effective and targeted interventions can be designed to improve the health status and quality of life of these patients, taking into account sleep quality and anxiety.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01970-9DiabetesQuality of lifeSleep qualityAnxietyLatent class analysis
spellingShingle Roya Farokhi
Farzaneh Rezaei
Sima Afrashteh
Davoud Adham
Somaieh Matin
Nategh Abbasgholizadeh
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
BMC Endocrine Disorders
Diabetes
Quality of life
Sleep quality
Anxiety
Latent class analysis
title Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_full Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_fullStr Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_short Latent class analysis for quality of life status, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
title_sort latent class analysis for quality of life status sleep quality and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
topic Diabetes
Quality of life
Sleep quality
Anxiety
Latent class analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01970-9
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