Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact

Abstract Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition marked by excess liver fat, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Updated reports on the epidemiology of MASLD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are needed. T...

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Main Authors: Zahra Sarkoohi, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Mohammad Amin Khajuei Gharaei, Mahsa Iranmanesh, Arya Adinepour, Reyhane Khajezade, Faegheh Bahri, Fatemeh Akhlaghi, Azin Kadkhodamanesh, Hossein Pourghadamyari, Hamid Sharifi, Omid Eslami, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00973-5
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author Zahra Sarkoohi
Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
Mohammad Amin Khajuei Gharaei
Mahsa Iranmanesh
Arya Adinepour
Reyhane Khajezade
Faegheh Bahri
Fatemeh Akhlaghi
Azin Kadkhodamanesh
Hossein Pourghadamyari
Hamid Sharifi
Omid Eslami
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
author_facet Zahra Sarkoohi
Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
Mohammad Amin Khajuei Gharaei
Mahsa Iranmanesh
Arya Adinepour
Reyhane Khajezade
Faegheh Bahri
Fatemeh Akhlaghi
Azin Kadkhodamanesh
Hossein Pourghadamyari
Hamid Sharifi
Omid Eslami
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
author_sort Zahra Sarkoohi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition marked by excess liver fat, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Updated reports on the epidemiology of MASLD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are needed. This study aimed to report the trends in the MASLD burden in the MENA region from 1990 to 2021, as well as age and sex patterns and their association with the sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods Data on the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of MASLD in 21 countries within the MENA region from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 study. The relationship with the SDI and the burden attributable to risk factors, such as high fasting plasma glucose and smoking, were examined. Results Between 1990 and 2021, the MENA region experienced a 13.8% increase in the age-standardized incidence rate, reaching 1,037.6 per 100,000 population. The age-standardized prevalence saw a rise of 26.4%. Women experienced a higher increase in incidence than men. The highest rates of DALYs were observed among older adults. Countries with a high SDI faced a greater disease burden. High fasting plasma glucose accounted for the largest burden of MASLD. Conclusions The study found that the incidence and prevalence of MASLD in the MENA region increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, especially in areas with high SDI. High fasting plasma glucose was the most significant attributable risk factor, highlighting the need for metabolic interventions. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-e20674d207aa4ea3bd7cacc86605815e2025-08-20T03:22:50ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-06-0144111510.1186/s41043-025-00973-5Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impactZahra Sarkoohi0Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan1Mohammad Amin Khajuei Gharaei2Mahsa Iranmanesh3Arya Adinepour4Reyhane Khajezade5Faegheh Bahri6Fatemeh Akhlaghi7Azin Kadkhodamanesh8Hossein Pourghadamyari9Hamid Sharifi10Omid Eslami11Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi12Student Research Committee, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesGastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition marked by excess liver fat, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Updated reports on the epidemiology of MASLD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are needed. This study aimed to report the trends in the MASLD burden in the MENA region from 1990 to 2021, as well as age and sex patterns and their association with the sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods Data on the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of MASLD in 21 countries within the MENA region from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 study. The relationship with the SDI and the burden attributable to risk factors, such as high fasting plasma glucose and smoking, were examined. Results Between 1990 and 2021, the MENA region experienced a 13.8% increase in the age-standardized incidence rate, reaching 1,037.6 per 100,000 population. The age-standardized prevalence saw a rise of 26.4%. Women experienced a higher increase in incidence than men. The highest rates of DALYs were observed among older adults. Countries with a high SDI faced a greater disease burden. High fasting plasma glucose accounted for the largest burden of MASLD. Conclusions The study found that the incidence and prevalence of MASLD in the MENA region increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, especially in areas with high SDI. High fasting plasma glucose was the most significant attributable risk factor, highlighting the need for metabolic interventions. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00973-5Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseMASLDDisability-adjusted life yearsPrevalenceIncidenceMiddle East
spellingShingle Zahra Sarkoohi
Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
Mohammad Amin Khajuei Gharaei
Mahsa Iranmanesh
Arya Adinepour
Reyhane Khajezade
Faegheh Bahri
Fatemeh Akhlaghi
Azin Kadkhodamanesh
Hossein Pourghadamyari
Hamid Sharifi
Omid Eslami
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MASLD
Disability-adjusted life years
Prevalence
Incidence
Middle East
title Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact
title_full Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact
title_fullStr Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact
title_short Epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 32-year analysis of health impact
title_sort epidemiological trends and burden of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease in the middle east and north africa region a 32 year analysis of health impact
topic Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MASLD
Disability-adjusted life years
Prevalence
Incidence
Middle East
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00973-5
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