Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Cognitive impairment often occurs in various parkinsonian syndromes. The course of deficits in cognitive functions ranges from mild cognitive decline to severe deterioration. Affected cognitive domains are also variable. The genetic background of patients ex...

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Main Authors: Christos Koros, Evangelia Stanitsa, Efthalia Angelopoulou, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Leonidas Stefanis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/7/1624
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author Christos Koros
Evangelia Stanitsa
Efthalia Angelopoulou
Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
Leonidas Stefanis
author_facet Christos Koros
Evangelia Stanitsa
Efthalia Angelopoulou
Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
Leonidas Stefanis
author_sort Christos Koros
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Cognitive impairment often occurs in various parkinsonian syndromes. The course of deficits in cognitive functions ranges from mild cognitive decline to severe deterioration. Affected cognitive domains are also variable. The genetic background of patients exhibiting parkinsonism with concomitant cognitive decline is still elusive. A significant part of current research in Parkinson’s disease and other parkinsonian syndromes is targeted towards the genetic aspects of these disorders. The aim of the present review was to summarize existing studies focusing on the investigation of the interplay between genetic data in parkinsonism and associated cognitive symptoms. <b>Methods</b>: A review of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on genetic studies of Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes with cognitive decline, using the databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE. <b>Results</b>: We have selected a clinical phenotype-wise assessment of parkinsonian conditions with cognitive deficits, including typical or early-onset Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Corticobasal Syndrome, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism. Both typical and atypical parkinsonian syndromes with concomitant cognitive decline were explored. <b>Conclusions</b>: Genetic background likely contributes to the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in parkinsonian syndromes, with specific mutations linked to distinct cognitive symptoms. The integration of genetic data and a more thorough neuropsychological assessment with clinical, imaging, and biomarkers may enhance diagnosis and enable personalized therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-e20227188b9741bcbfd707b22e11fda42025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-07-01137162410.3390/biomedicines13071624Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic BackgroundChristos Koros0Evangelia Stanitsa1Efthalia Angelopoulou2Sokratis G. Papageorgiou3Leonidas Stefanis41st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Cognitive impairment often occurs in various parkinsonian syndromes. The course of deficits in cognitive functions ranges from mild cognitive decline to severe deterioration. Affected cognitive domains are also variable. The genetic background of patients exhibiting parkinsonism with concomitant cognitive decline is still elusive. A significant part of current research in Parkinson’s disease and other parkinsonian syndromes is targeted towards the genetic aspects of these disorders. The aim of the present review was to summarize existing studies focusing on the investigation of the interplay between genetic data in parkinsonism and associated cognitive symptoms. <b>Methods</b>: A review of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on genetic studies of Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes with cognitive decline, using the databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE. <b>Results</b>: We have selected a clinical phenotype-wise assessment of parkinsonian conditions with cognitive deficits, including typical or early-onset Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Corticobasal Syndrome, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism. Both typical and atypical parkinsonian syndromes with concomitant cognitive decline were explored. <b>Conclusions</b>: Genetic background likely contributes to the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in parkinsonian syndromes, with specific mutations linked to distinct cognitive symptoms. The integration of genetic data and a more thorough neuropsychological assessment with clinical, imaging, and biomarkers may enhance diagnosis and enable personalized therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/7/1624geneticcognitive declinedementiaParkinson’s diseasedementia with Lewy bodiesatypical parkinsonian syndromes
spellingShingle Christos Koros
Evangelia Stanitsa
Efthalia Angelopoulou
Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
Leonidas Stefanis
Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background
Biomedicines
genetic
cognitive decline
dementia
Parkinson’s disease
dementia with Lewy bodies
atypical parkinsonian syndromes
title Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background
title_full Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background
title_fullStr Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background
title_short Cognitive Decline in Parkinsonism: From Clinical Phenotypes to the Genetic Background
title_sort cognitive decline in parkinsonism from clinical phenotypes to the genetic background
topic genetic
cognitive decline
dementia
Parkinson’s disease
dementia with Lewy bodies
atypical parkinsonian syndromes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/7/1624
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