The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The relationship between antipsychotics’ side effects and depression/anxiety among Arabic-speaking patients with different psychiatric conditions has not been examined before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between antipsychotics’ side effects and depre...

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Main Author: Y. Al Ruthia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118223000193
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author Y. Al Ruthia
author_facet Y. Al Ruthia
author_sort Y. Al Ruthia
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: The relationship between antipsychotics’ side effects and depression/anxiety among Arabic-speaking patients with different psychiatric conditions has not been examined before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between antipsychotics’ side effects and depression and anxiety. Methods: This was a single-centre prospective cross-sectional study in which Arabic-speaking adult (≥18 yrs.) patients, treated with antipsychotics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. The Arabic versions of the Glasgow antipsychotic side effect scale (GASS), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Scale 7-item (GAD-7) were used to measure antipsychotics’ side effects, depression, and anxiety, respectively. Multiple linear regressions were conducted. Results: One-hundred patients consented to participate and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the patients was 38 years, 72% were females, 40% had a college degree or higher, and 73% had no comorbidities. Patients with higher PHQ-9 scores (β=0.883, 95% CI [0.642–1.126], p<0.0001), and GAD-7 scores (β=0.797, 95% CI [0.412–1.182], p<0.0001) were more likely to have higher GASS scores controlling for age, gender, and education. Conclusions: Patients with more severe forms of depression and anxiety are more likely to report higher rates of antipsychotics’ adverse events.
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spelling doaj-art-e1f80e2f73b942edaf3ccb0fea37cf832025-08-20T01:56:34ZengElsevierEmerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health2667-11822024-12-01410006810.1016/j.etdah.2023.100068The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi ArabiaY. Al Ruthia0King Saud University College of Pharmacy, KSAIntroduction: The relationship between antipsychotics’ side effects and depression/anxiety among Arabic-speaking patients with different psychiatric conditions has not been examined before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between antipsychotics’ side effects and depression and anxiety. Methods: This was a single-centre prospective cross-sectional study in which Arabic-speaking adult (≥18 yrs.) patients, treated with antipsychotics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. The Arabic versions of the Glasgow antipsychotic side effect scale (GASS), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Scale 7-item (GAD-7) were used to measure antipsychotics’ side effects, depression, and anxiety, respectively. Multiple linear regressions were conducted. Results: One-hundred patients consented to participate and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the patients was 38 years, 72% were females, 40% had a college degree or higher, and 73% had no comorbidities. Patients with higher PHQ-9 scores (β=0.883, 95% CI [0.642–1.126], p<0.0001), and GAD-7 scores (β=0.797, 95% CI [0.412–1.182], p<0.0001) were more likely to have higher GASS scores controlling for age, gender, and education. Conclusions: Patients with more severe forms of depression and anxiety are more likely to report higher rates of antipsychotics’ adverse events.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118223000193
spellingShingle Y. Al Ruthia
The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia
Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health
title The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia
title_full The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia
title_short The Relationship between Self-Report Antipsychotics Side Effects and Depression in Saudi Arabia
title_sort relationship between self report antipsychotics side effects and depression in saudi arabia
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118223000193
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AT yalruthia relationshipbetweenselfreportantipsychoticssideeffectsanddepressioninsaudiarabia