Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory markers with immunomodulatory activity associated with schizophrenia. The possible involvement of interleukin-6 in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia and the development of different clusters of symptoms remains debatable; the rel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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Federal State Budget Scientific Institution National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology n.a. V.M. Bekhterev Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М. Бехтерева |
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| Online Access: | https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/687 |
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| author | T. V. Zhilyaeva A. S. Piatoikina G. V. Rukavishnikov G. E. Mazo |
| author_facet | T. V. Zhilyaeva A. S. Piatoikina G. V. Rukavishnikov G. E. Mazo |
| author_sort | T. V. Zhilyaeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory markers with immunomodulatory activity associated with schizophrenia. The possible involvement of interleukin-6 in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia and the development of different clusters of symptoms remains debatable; the relationship between an increase in interleukin-6 and a number of possible confounding factors, including smoking, has not yet been studied. The aim of this work was the pilot evaluation of the serum IL-6 level in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls, as well as its association with clinical symptoms, socio-demographic factors and smoking. Materials and methods: 43 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy volunteers were examined. The determination of IL-6 was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. All patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The UKUSERS-Clin Therapeutic Side Effects Scale (UKU), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS), Barnes Akathisia Scale (BARS), Personal and Social Functioning Scale (PSP). Results: In patients with schizophrenia in a Russian sample, serum IL-6 levels were significantly associated with smoking status (p = 0.0017), the severity of negative symptoms and symptoms of the PANSS general psychopathology scale (p=0.014 and p=0.038, respectively), disorders of personal and social functioning (PSP, p=0.011), as well as side effects measured using the UKU scale (general, p=0.038, 0041 and extrapyramidal, p=0.018), as well as drug-induced parkinsonism (p=0.043), dyskinesia (p=0.0084) and akathisia (p=0.043). All scores are worse in patients with nicotine addiction. The occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in response to standard doses of antipsychotics (AP) can serve as a clinical marker of possible immune-inflammatory disturbances in patients with schizophrenia, and the smoking status can act as a provocing factor for increasing of latent inflammation. Replication of the study is required to confirm the findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1f5d21d8fd94cf0aed1f44d29809735 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2313-7053 2713-055X |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Federal State Budget Scientific Institution National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology n.a. V.M. Bekhterev Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М. Бехтерева |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1f5d21d8fd94cf0aed1f44d298097352025-08-20T02:49:19ZrusFederal State Budget Scientific Institution National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology n.a. V.M. Bekhterev Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М. Бехтерева2313-70532713-055X2022-07-01562475510.31363/2313-7053-2022-56-2-47-55444Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot studyT. V. Zhilyaeva0A. S. Piatoikina1G. V. Rukavishnikov2G. E. Mazo3Privolzhsky Research Medical University; V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry & NeurologyClinical Psychiatric Hospital № 1 of Nizhny NovgorodV.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry & NeurologyV.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry & NeurologyInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory markers with immunomodulatory activity associated with schizophrenia. The possible involvement of interleukin-6 in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia and the development of different clusters of symptoms remains debatable; the relationship between an increase in interleukin-6 and a number of possible confounding factors, including smoking, has not yet been studied. The aim of this work was the pilot evaluation of the serum IL-6 level in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls, as well as its association with clinical symptoms, socio-demographic factors and smoking. Materials and methods: 43 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy volunteers were examined. The determination of IL-6 was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. All patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The UKUSERS-Clin Therapeutic Side Effects Scale (UKU), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS), Barnes Akathisia Scale (BARS), Personal and Social Functioning Scale (PSP). Results: In patients with schizophrenia in a Russian sample, serum IL-6 levels were significantly associated with smoking status (p = 0.0017), the severity of negative symptoms and symptoms of the PANSS general psychopathology scale (p=0.014 and p=0.038, respectively), disorders of personal and social functioning (PSP, p=0.011), as well as side effects measured using the UKU scale (general, p=0.038, 0041 and extrapyramidal, p=0.018), as well as drug-induced parkinsonism (p=0.043), dyskinesia (p=0.0084) and akathisia (p=0.043). All scores are worse in patients with nicotine addiction. The occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in response to standard doses of antipsychotics (AP) can serve as a clinical marker of possible immune-inflammatory disturbances in patients with schizophrenia, and the smoking status can act as a provocing factor for increasing of latent inflammation. Replication of the study is required to confirm the findings.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/687interleukin-6schizophreniasmokingnegative symptomsextrapyramidal side effects |
| spellingShingle | T. V. Zhilyaeva A. S. Piatoikina G. V. Rukavishnikov G. E. Mazo Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М. Бехтерева interleukin-6 schizophrenia smoking negative symptoms extrapyramidal side effects |
| title | Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study |
| title_full | Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study |
| title_fullStr | Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study |
| title_short | Interleukin-6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms, side effects of therapy and smoking: results of a pilot study |
| title_sort | interleukin 6 in schizophrenia is associated with negative symptoms side effects of therapy and smoking results of a pilot study |
| topic | interleukin-6 schizophrenia smoking negative symptoms extrapyramidal side effects |
| url | https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/687 |
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