Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches

Abstract Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is a promising approach in computational lithography to address the challenges posed by shrinking semiconductor device dimensions. The ILT leverages optimization algorithms to generate mask patterns, outperforming traditional optical proximity correction...

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Main Authors: Yixin Yang, Kexuan Liu, Yunhui Gao, Chen Wang, Liangcai Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:Light: Science & Applications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w
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author Yixin Yang
Kexuan Liu
Yunhui Gao
Chen Wang
Liangcai Cao
author_facet Yixin Yang
Kexuan Liu
Yunhui Gao
Chen Wang
Liangcai Cao
author_sort Yixin Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is a promising approach in computational lithography to address the challenges posed by shrinking semiconductor device dimensions. The ILT leverages optimization algorithms to generate mask patterns, outperforming traditional optical proximity correction methods. This review provides an overview of ILT’s principles, evolution, and applications, with an emphasis on integration with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The review tracks recent advancements of ILT in model improvement and algorithmic efficiency. Challenges such as extended computational runtimes and mask-writing complexities are summarized, with potential solutions discussed. Despite these challenges, AI-driven methods, such as convolutional neural networks, deep neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and model-driven deep learning methods, are transforming ILT. AI-based approaches offer promising pathways to overcome existing limitations and support the adoption in high-volume manufacturing. Future research directions are explored to exploit ILT’s potential and drive progress in the semiconductor industry.
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spelling doaj-art-e1ea38c38932468f962e75180afc65d52025-08-20T04:02:44ZengNature Publishing GroupLight: Science & Applications2047-75382025-07-0114112110.1038/s41377-025-01923-wAdvancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approachesYixin Yang0Kexuan Liu1Yunhui Gao2Chen Wang3Liangcai Cao4Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua UniversityDepartment of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua UniversityDepartment of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityDepartment of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua UniversityAbstract Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is a promising approach in computational lithography to address the challenges posed by shrinking semiconductor device dimensions. The ILT leverages optimization algorithms to generate mask patterns, outperforming traditional optical proximity correction methods. This review provides an overview of ILT’s principles, evolution, and applications, with an emphasis on integration with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The review tracks recent advancements of ILT in model improvement and algorithmic efficiency. Challenges such as extended computational runtimes and mask-writing complexities are summarized, with potential solutions discussed. Despite these challenges, AI-driven methods, such as convolutional neural networks, deep neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and model-driven deep learning methods, are transforming ILT. AI-based approaches offer promising pathways to overcome existing limitations and support the adoption in high-volume manufacturing. Future research directions are explored to exploit ILT’s potential and drive progress in the semiconductor industry.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w
spellingShingle Yixin Yang
Kexuan Liu
Yunhui Gao
Chen Wang
Liangcai Cao
Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches
Light: Science & Applications
title Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches
title_full Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches
title_fullStr Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches
title_full_unstemmed Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches
title_short Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches
title_sort advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology a review of artificial intelligence based approaches
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w
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