Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications
Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant renewable resource in agricultural and forestry residues. In contrast to cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin remains underutilized due to its complex structure. In this study, a halophilic bacte...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99715-0 |
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| author | Tina Adelpour Somayeh Mojtabavi Zahra Mahmoudabadi-Arani Maryam Bozorgi-Koshalshahi Mohammad Ali Faramarzi |
| author_facet | Tina Adelpour Somayeh Mojtabavi Zahra Mahmoudabadi-Arani Maryam Bozorgi-Koshalshahi Mohammad Ali Faramarzi |
| author_sort | Tina Adelpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant renewable resource in agricultural and forestry residues. In contrast to cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin remains underutilized due to its complex structure. In this study, a halophilic bacterium, Virgibacillus salarius was isolated, and its laccase production was optimized for delignification. Using response surface methodology (RSM), a maximum laccase activity of 392.0 U L⁻¹ was achieved. This enzyme demonstrated high efficiency, reducing lignin content in garlic peel from 32.4 to 3.6% and increasing cellulose content from 42.1 to 44.1%. Additionally, the delignified biomass exhibited increased crystallinity and a porous surface, enhancing its suitability for further processing. The delignification process yielded valuable by-products, including 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (a food preservative and flavor enhancer) and aromatic compounds such as 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) and ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (homovanillin), which are widely used as flavoring agents. These findings emphasize the potential of V. salarius laccase in sustainable biomass conversion for industrial applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1e5123b2901471797aab519582c61ab |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1e5123b2901471797aab519582c61ab2025-08-20T03:53:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-99715-0Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applicationsTina Adelpour0Somayeh Mojtabavi1Zahra Mahmoudabadi-Arani2Maryam Bozorgi-Koshalshahi3Mohammad Ali Faramarzi4Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Lignocellulosic biomass, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant renewable resource in agricultural and forestry residues. In contrast to cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin remains underutilized due to its complex structure. In this study, a halophilic bacterium, Virgibacillus salarius was isolated, and its laccase production was optimized for delignification. Using response surface methodology (RSM), a maximum laccase activity of 392.0 U L⁻¹ was achieved. This enzyme demonstrated high efficiency, reducing lignin content in garlic peel from 32.4 to 3.6% and increasing cellulose content from 42.1 to 44.1%. Additionally, the delignified biomass exhibited increased crystallinity and a porous surface, enhancing its suitability for further processing. The delignification process yielded valuable by-products, including 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (a food preservative and flavor enhancer) and aromatic compounds such as 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) and ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (homovanillin), which are widely used as flavoring agents. These findings emphasize the potential of V. salarius laccase in sustainable biomass conversion for industrial applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99715-0DelignificationGarlic PeelBio-wasteHalophilic laccaseVirgibacillus salaries |
| spellingShingle | Tina Adelpour Somayeh Mojtabavi Zahra Mahmoudabadi-Arani Maryam Bozorgi-Koshalshahi Mohammad Ali Faramarzi Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications Scientific Reports Delignification Garlic Peel Bio-waste Halophilic laccase Virgibacillus salaries |
| title | Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications |
| title_full | Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications |
| title_fullStr | Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications |
| title_short | Green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications |
| title_sort | green valorization of garlic peel waste using halophilic laccase for efficient biomass delignification and biorefinery applications |
| topic | Delignification Garlic Peel Bio-waste Halophilic laccase Virgibacillus salaries |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99715-0 |
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