Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors

Analyzing the electric power consumption (EPC) patterns of China’s mega urban agglomerations is crucial for promoting sustainable development both domestically and globally. Utilizing 2017–2021 NPP/VIIRS low-light remote sensing imagery to extract total nighttime light data, this study proposed an E...

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Main Authors: Cuiting Li, Dongmei Yan, Shuo Chen, Jun Yan, Wanrong Wu, Xiaowei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/865
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author Cuiting Li
Dongmei Yan
Shuo Chen
Jun Yan
Wanrong Wu
Xiaowei Wang
author_facet Cuiting Li
Dongmei Yan
Shuo Chen
Jun Yan
Wanrong Wu
Xiaowei Wang
author_sort Cuiting Li
collection DOAJ
description Analyzing the electric power consumption (EPC) patterns of China’s mega urban agglomerations is crucial for promoting sustainable development both domestically and globally. Utilizing 2017–2021 NPP/VIIRS low-light remote sensing imagery to extract total nighttime light data, this study proposed an EPC prediction method based on the K-Means clustering algorithm combined with multiple indicators integrated with socio-economic factors. Combining IPAT theory, regional GDP and population density, the final EPC prediction models were developed. Using these models, the EPC distributions for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomerations in 2017–2021 were generated at both the administrative district level and the 1 km × 1 km grid scale. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the EPC distribution in these urban agglomerations during this period were then analyzed, followed by EPC predictions for 2022. The models showed a significant improvement in prediction accuracy, with the average MARE decreasing from 30.52% to 7.60%, 25.61% to 11.08% and 18.24% to 12.85% for the three urban agglomerations, respectively; EPC clusters were identified in these areas, mainly concentrated in Langfang and Chengde, Shanghai and Suzhou, and Dongguan; from 2017 to 2021, the EPC values of the three urban agglomerations show a growth trend and the distribution patterns were consistent with their economic development and population density; the R<sup>2</sup> values and the statistical values for the 2022 EPC predictions using the improved classification EPC models reached 0.9692, 0.9903 and 0.9677, respectively, confirming that the proposed method can effectively predict the EPC of urban agglomerations and is applicable in various scenarios. This method provides a timely and accurate spatial update of EPC dynamics, offering fine-scale characterization of urban EPC patterns using night light images.
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spelling doaj-art-e1e4caa02a6e4bab89ac75d72ee257312025-08-20T02:53:02ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117586510.3390/rs17050865Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social FactorsCuiting Li0Dongmei Yan1Shuo Chen2Jun Yan3Wanrong Wu4Xiaowei Wang5Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, ChinaAnalyzing the electric power consumption (EPC) patterns of China’s mega urban agglomerations is crucial for promoting sustainable development both domestically and globally. Utilizing 2017–2021 NPP/VIIRS low-light remote sensing imagery to extract total nighttime light data, this study proposed an EPC prediction method based on the K-Means clustering algorithm combined with multiple indicators integrated with socio-economic factors. Combining IPAT theory, regional GDP and population density, the final EPC prediction models were developed. Using these models, the EPC distributions for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomerations in 2017–2021 were generated at both the administrative district level and the 1 km × 1 km grid scale. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the EPC distribution in these urban agglomerations during this period were then analyzed, followed by EPC predictions for 2022. The models showed a significant improvement in prediction accuracy, with the average MARE decreasing from 30.52% to 7.60%, 25.61% to 11.08% and 18.24% to 12.85% for the three urban agglomerations, respectively; EPC clusters were identified in these areas, mainly concentrated in Langfang and Chengde, Shanghai and Suzhou, and Dongguan; from 2017 to 2021, the EPC values of the three urban agglomerations show a growth trend and the distribution patterns were consistent with their economic development and population density; the R<sup>2</sup> values and the statistical values for the 2022 EPC predictions using the improved classification EPC models reached 0.9692, 0.9903 and 0.9677, respectively, confirming that the proposed method can effectively predict the EPC of urban agglomerations and is applicable in various scenarios. This method provides a timely and accurate spatial update of EPC dynamics, offering fine-scale characterization of urban EPC patterns using night light images.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/865Electric Power Consumption (EPC)Nighttime light (NTL)NPP/VIIRSMega urban agglomerationsspatio-temporal dynamic analysisk-means clustering
spellingShingle Cuiting Li
Dongmei Yan
Shuo Chen
Jun Yan
Wanrong Wu
Xiaowei Wang
Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors
Remote Sensing
Electric Power Consumption (EPC)
Nighttime light (NTL)
NPP/VIIRS
Mega urban agglomerations
spatio-temporal dynamic analysis
k-means clustering
title Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors
title_full Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors
title_fullStr Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors
title_full_unstemmed Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors
title_short Electric Power Consumption Forecasting Models and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Analysis of China’s Mega-City Agglomerations Based on Low-Light Remote Sensing Imagery Incorporating Social Factors
title_sort electric power consumption forecasting models and spatio temporal dynamic analysis of china s mega city agglomerations based on low light remote sensing imagery incorporating social factors
topic Electric Power Consumption (EPC)
Nighttime light (NTL)
NPP/VIIRS
Mega urban agglomerations
spatio-temporal dynamic analysis
k-means clustering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/865
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