Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Background. Clinical B12 deficiency with hematological or neurological manifestations is rare. An unusual manifestation of B12 deficiency is pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytosis and only occurs in 2.5% of those with...

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Main Authors: Dylan Morrissey, Yuheng Sun, Sarina Koilpillai, Jacqueline Kropf, Steve J. Carlan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Medicine
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7306070
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author Dylan Morrissey
Yuheng Sun
Sarina Koilpillai
Jacqueline Kropf
Steve J. Carlan
author_facet Dylan Morrissey
Yuheng Sun
Sarina Koilpillai
Jacqueline Kropf
Steve J. Carlan
author_sort Dylan Morrissey
collection DOAJ
description Background. Clinical B12 deficiency with hematological or neurological manifestations is rare. An unusual manifestation of B12 deficiency is pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytosis and only occurs in 2.5% of those with B12 deficiency. Pseudo-TMA is misdiagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in 40% of cases, resulting in misguided treatment including plasmapheresis. Case. A 44-year-old Hispanic presented with 3 weeks of progressively worsening non-radiating chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath (SOB). Laboratory findings revealed severe pancytopenia and macrocytosis with a hemoglobin of 5.4 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume of 116.3 fL, and vitamin B12 low at 149 pg/mL. She was diagnosed with pseudo-TMA and after starting 1000 micrograms of parenteral vitamin B12 injections daily and discontinuing plasmapheresis and steroid administration, she improved. Conclusion. Failure to recognize pseudo-TMA often results in unnecessary treatment with plasmapheresis and delays appropriate treatment with vitamin B12 supplementation. It is therefore extremely important to consider pseudo-TMA as a differential diagnosis in patients that present with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytosis.
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spelling doaj-art-e1e4c32108204e40b86eb9f52c3aa26e2025-08-20T03:20:58ZengWileyCase Reports in Medicine1687-96352022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7306070Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 DeficiencyDylan Morrissey0Yuheng Sun1Sarina Koilpillai2Jacqueline Kropf3Steve J. Carlan4Department of Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Academic Affairs and ResearchBackground. Clinical B12 deficiency with hematological or neurological manifestations is rare. An unusual manifestation of B12 deficiency is pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytosis and only occurs in 2.5% of those with B12 deficiency. Pseudo-TMA is misdiagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in 40% of cases, resulting in misguided treatment including plasmapheresis. Case. A 44-year-old Hispanic presented with 3 weeks of progressively worsening non-radiating chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath (SOB). Laboratory findings revealed severe pancytopenia and macrocytosis with a hemoglobin of 5.4 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume of 116.3 fL, and vitamin B12 low at 149 pg/mL. She was diagnosed with pseudo-TMA and after starting 1000 micrograms of parenteral vitamin B12 injections daily and discontinuing plasmapheresis and steroid administration, she improved. Conclusion. Failure to recognize pseudo-TMA often results in unnecessary treatment with plasmapheresis and delays appropriate treatment with vitamin B12 supplementation. It is therefore extremely important to consider pseudo-TMA as a differential diagnosis in patients that present with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytosis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7306070
spellingShingle Dylan Morrissey
Yuheng Sun
Sarina Koilpillai
Jacqueline Kropf
Steve J. Carlan
Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Case Reports in Medicine
title Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
title_full Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
title_fullStr Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
title_full_unstemmed Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
title_short Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
title_sort pseudo thrombotic microangiopathy secondary to vitamin b12 deficiency
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7306070
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