Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia

Background and aim: Sepsis with persistent bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) poses a significant mortality risk in intensive care units (ICUs). The role of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in predicting outcomes remains debated. Thi...

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Main Authors: Danavath Nagendra, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Souvik Chaudhuri, Vishal Shanbhag, Thejesh Srinivas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425001794
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author Danavath Nagendra
Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara
Souvik Chaudhuri
Vishal Shanbhag
Thejesh Srinivas
author_facet Danavath Nagendra
Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara
Souvik Chaudhuri
Vishal Shanbhag
Thejesh Srinivas
author_sort Danavath Nagendra
collection DOAJ
description Background and aim: Sepsis with persistent bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) poses a significant mortality risk in intensive care units (ICUs). The role of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in predicting outcomes remains debated. This study investigates the key predictors of mortality and the importance of microbiological non-clearance (MNC) through FUBCs among these predictors in bacteremia due to K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii infections. Materials and methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study at a tertiary teaching hospital in India involving 218 ICU patients with K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii bacteremia from October 2019 to December 2021. Blood cultures were analyzed using the BACT/ALERT VIRTUO system. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and an artificial neural network (ANN) model to determine the normalized importance of key predictors of mortality. Factors with a more than 50 % normalized importance were considered significant contributors to mortality. Results: The overall mortality rate was 84 %, with 91 % in patients co-infected with K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. Microbiological clearance (MC) was associated with a lower mortality rate (56.5 %) compared to MNC (97 %) or no FUBCs (84 %). Multivariable logistic regression identified the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and MNC as independent predictors of mortality, with a predictive accuracy of 91.6 %. The ANN model confirmed the normalized importance of MNC as a key predictor, followed by CCI score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores at ICU admission, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores at ICU admission, age, SOFA score on culture-positive day, Pitts bacteremia score, and renal replacement therapy (RRT). Conclusion: Persistent bacteremia involving K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii is associated with high mortality, particularly in co-infections. Achieving MC through FUBCs is critical for improving patient outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the CCI score, and MNC were identified as key predictors of mortality. The ANN analysis further highlighted these predictors and additional factors, including the APACHE II score at ICU admission, SOFA score at ICU admission, SOFA score on culture-positive day, Pitts bacteremia score, age, and RRT. These findings emphasize the importance of rigorous follow-up and optimal management strategies in ICU settings to improve survival outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-e1e03eaf9b8346c794cbdd47cb2c39b52025-08-20T02:47:06ZengElsevierClinical Epidemiology and Global Health2213-39842025-07-013410209010.1016/j.cegh.2025.102090Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremiaDanavath Nagendra0Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara1Souvik Chaudhuri2Vishal Shanbhag3Thejesh Srinivas4Department of Critical Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Critical Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; Corresponding author. Department of Critical Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.Department of Critical Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Critical Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaBackground and aim: Sepsis with persistent bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) poses a significant mortality risk in intensive care units (ICUs). The role of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in predicting outcomes remains debated. This study investigates the key predictors of mortality and the importance of microbiological non-clearance (MNC) through FUBCs among these predictors in bacteremia due to K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii infections. Materials and methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study at a tertiary teaching hospital in India involving 218 ICU patients with K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii bacteremia from October 2019 to December 2021. Blood cultures were analyzed using the BACT/ALERT VIRTUO system. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and an artificial neural network (ANN) model to determine the normalized importance of key predictors of mortality. Factors with a more than 50 % normalized importance were considered significant contributors to mortality. Results: The overall mortality rate was 84 %, with 91 % in patients co-infected with K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. Microbiological clearance (MC) was associated with a lower mortality rate (56.5 %) compared to MNC (97 %) or no FUBCs (84 %). Multivariable logistic regression identified the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and MNC as independent predictors of mortality, with a predictive accuracy of 91.6 %. The ANN model confirmed the normalized importance of MNC as a key predictor, followed by CCI score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores at ICU admission, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores at ICU admission, age, SOFA score on culture-positive day, Pitts bacteremia score, and renal replacement therapy (RRT). Conclusion: Persistent bacteremia involving K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii is associated with high mortality, particularly in co-infections. Achieving MC through FUBCs is critical for improving patient outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the CCI score, and MNC were identified as key predictors of mortality. The ANN analysis further highlighted these predictors and additional factors, including the APACHE II score at ICU admission, SOFA score at ICU admission, SOFA score on culture-positive day, Pitts bacteremia score, age, and RRT. These findings emphasize the importance of rigorous follow-up and optimal management strategies in ICU settings to improve survival outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425001794Artificial neural network modelSepsisAPACHE-II scoreMicrobiological clearancePersistent bacteremia
spellingShingle Danavath Nagendra
Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara
Souvik Chaudhuri
Vishal Shanbhag
Thejesh Srinivas
Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Artificial neural network model
Sepsis
APACHE-II score
Microbiological clearance
Persistent bacteremia
title Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
title_full Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
title_fullStr Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
title_short Predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
title_sort predictors of mortality in sepsis patients with acinetobacter baumannii and klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia
topic Artificial neural network model
Sepsis
APACHE-II score
Microbiological clearance
Persistent bacteremia
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425001794
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