Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial

Background and Aims: This study evaluates the analgesic efficacy of ketamine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with ropivacaine 0.2% in pectoral nerve type II block (PECS-II) in modified radical mastectomy. The primary outcome of the study was the time to first rescue analgesia postoperatively. The...

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Main Authors: Dharani Lenin, Rajnish Kumar, Nishant Sahay, Abhyuday Kumar, Poonam Kumari, Prashant Kumar Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/joacp.joacp_497_23
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author Dharani Lenin
Rajnish Kumar
Nishant Sahay
Abhyuday Kumar
Poonam Kumari
Prashant Kumar Singh
author_facet Dharani Lenin
Rajnish Kumar
Nishant Sahay
Abhyuday Kumar
Poonam Kumari
Prashant Kumar Singh
author_sort Dharani Lenin
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aims: This study evaluates the analgesic efficacy of ketamine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with ropivacaine 0.2% in pectoral nerve type II block (PECS-II) in modified radical mastectomy. The primary outcome of the study was the time to first rescue analgesia postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain on the numerical rating scale. Material and Methods: Seventy-five adult female patients who underwent a modified radical mastectomy participated in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. The patients received 30 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine with or without adjuvants by the ultrasound-guided PECS-II block. Group R (n = 25) received ropivacaine 0.2% without adjuvants. Group RD (n = 25) and group RK (n = 25) received dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg and ketamine 1 mg/kg, respectively, along with ropivacaine 0.2%. Results: Duration of analgesia determined by time to first rescue analgesia was longer in group RD (18.42 ± 02.15 h) compared to group RK (15.91 ± 03.21 h) and group R (14.64 ± 02.85 h), which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Fentanyl consumption in the first 48 h after surgery was significantly less in the dexmedetomidine group compared to other groups. Conclusion: We conclude that dexmedetomidine with 0.2% ropivacaine in the PECS-II block provides better postoperative analgesia and has less sedative effects than ketamine with 0.2% ropivacaine.
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spelling doaj-art-e1ce1bfec8ec4c4588cf57065b545dfe2025-08-20T02:09:14ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology0970-91852231-27302025-04-0141224324910.4103/joacp.joacp_497_23Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trialDharani LeninRajnish KumarNishant SahayAbhyuday KumarPoonam KumariPrashant Kumar SinghBackground and Aims: This study evaluates the analgesic efficacy of ketamine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with ropivacaine 0.2% in pectoral nerve type II block (PECS-II) in modified radical mastectomy. The primary outcome of the study was the time to first rescue analgesia postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain on the numerical rating scale. Material and Methods: Seventy-five adult female patients who underwent a modified radical mastectomy participated in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. The patients received 30 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine with or without adjuvants by the ultrasound-guided PECS-II block. Group R (n = 25) received ropivacaine 0.2% without adjuvants. Group RD (n = 25) and group RK (n = 25) received dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg and ketamine 1 mg/kg, respectively, along with ropivacaine 0.2%. Results: Duration of analgesia determined by time to first rescue analgesia was longer in group RD (18.42 ± 02.15 h) compared to group RK (15.91 ± 03.21 h) and group R (14.64 ± 02.85 h), which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Fentanyl consumption in the first 48 h after surgery was significantly less in the dexmedetomidine group compared to other groups. Conclusion: We conclude that dexmedetomidine with 0.2% ropivacaine in the PECS-II block provides better postoperative analgesia and has less sedative effects than ketamine with 0.2% ropivacaine.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/joacp.joacp_497_23dexmedetomidineketaminemastectomypatient-controlled analgesiapostoperative painropivacaine
spellingShingle Dharani Lenin
Rajnish Kumar
Nishant Sahay
Abhyuday Kumar
Poonam Kumari
Prashant Kumar Singh
Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology
dexmedetomidine
ketamine
mastectomy
patient-controlled analgesia
postoperative pain
ropivacaine
title Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
title_full Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
title_short Comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type II nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy – A randomized controlled trial
title_sort comparison of ropivacaine alone versus dexmedetomidine or ketamine as an adjuvant for pectoral type ii nerve blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy a randomized controlled trial
topic dexmedetomidine
ketamine
mastectomy
patient-controlled analgesia
postoperative pain
ropivacaine
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/joacp.joacp_497_23
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