Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of blood disorders affecting the bone marrow resulting in cytopenia, blood cell dysplasia and an increased risk of progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Myelodysplastic syndromes are more common in individuals older than 60 years, and those who hav...

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Main Authors: Keshena Naidoo, Sharlene Parasnath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2025-07-01
Series:South African Family Practice
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Online Access:https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/6118
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author Keshena Naidoo
Sharlene Parasnath
author_facet Keshena Naidoo
Sharlene Parasnath
author_sort Keshena Naidoo
collection DOAJ
description Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of blood disorders affecting the bone marrow resulting in cytopenia, blood cell dysplasia and an increased risk of progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Myelodysplastic syndromes are more common in individuals older than 60 years, and those who have undergone radiation or chemotherapy in the past. Patients may be asymptomatic in the initial stages and can later develop fatigue, dyspnoea, frequent infections, petechiae, bruising and bleeding. Patients with persistent cytopenia (6 months) should be investigated further and referred to a haematologist if at high risk for MDS. The definitive diagnostic test for MDS is a bone marrow biopsy. Individuals with lower-risk MDS can be managed with blood transfusions, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, growth factors and lenalidomide (an immunomodulatory drug). Higher risk MDS patients have a median survival of less than three years, with stem cell transplant as the only cure. However, less than 10% of MDS patients receive this treatment because of the scarcity of donors. Primary care providers should also be aware of long-term side effects following a stem cell transplant. This article aims to increase awareness of MDS and stem cell transplants.
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series South African Family Practice
spelling doaj-art-e1c17729be7c4e29a7a3403732d96e192025-08-20T03:06:54ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042025-07-01671e1e610.4102/safp.v67i1.61184956Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspectiveKeshena Naidoo0Sharlene Parasnath1Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, DurbanDepartment of Clinical Haematology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, DurbanMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of blood disorders affecting the bone marrow resulting in cytopenia, blood cell dysplasia and an increased risk of progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Myelodysplastic syndromes are more common in individuals older than 60 years, and those who have undergone radiation or chemotherapy in the past. Patients may be asymptomatic in the initial stages and can later develop fatigue, dyspnoea, frequent infections, petechiae, bruising and bleeding. Patients with persistent cytopenia (6 months) should be investigated further and referred to a haematologist if at high risk for MDS. The definitive diagnostic test for MDS is a bone marrow biopsy. Individuals with lower-risk MDS can be managed with blood transfusions, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, growth factors and lenalidomide (an immunomodulatory drug). Higher risk MDS patients have a median survival of less than three years, with stem cell transplant as the only cure. However, less than 10% of MDS patients receive this treatment because of the scarcity of donors. Primary care providers should also be aware of long-term side effects following a stem cell transplant. This article aims to increase awareness of MDS and stem cell transplants.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/6118myelodysplastic syndromeblood disordersstem cell transplantneoplasmhaematological disorders
spellingShingle Keshena Naidoo
Sharlene Parasnath
Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective
South African Family Practice
myelodysplastic syndrome
blood disorders
stem cell transplant
neoplasm
haematological disorders
title Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective
title_full Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective
title_fullStr Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective
title_full_unstemmed Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective
title_short Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective
title_sort myelodysplastic syndromes a primary care perspective
topic myelodysplastic syndrome
blood disorders
stem cell transplant
neoplasm
haematological disorders
url https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/6118
work_keys_str_mv AT keshenanaidoo myelodysplasticsyndromesaprimarycareperspective
AT sharleneparasnath myelodysplasticsyndromesaprimarycareperspective