Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study

Abstract Background Prophylactic endotracheal intubation (PEI) is widely performed before emergency endoscopy in patients with acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding (AEVB). However, its safety and benefits remain controversial. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PEI in patients with AEVB...

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Main Authors: Yi-Ru Zhao, Ya-Ting Wang, Xue-Qun Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04066-9
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author Yi-Ru Zhao
Ya-Ting Wang
Xue-Qun Zhang
author_facet Yi-Ru Zhao
Ya-Ting Wang
Xue-Qun Zhang
author_sort Yi-Ru Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Prophylactic endotracheal intubation (PEI) is widely performed before emergency endoscopy in patients with acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding (AEVB). However, its safety and benefits remain controversial. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PEI in patients with AEVB and the appropriate extubation time. Methods Patients with AEVB and underwent emergency endoscopy at The First Affiliated Hospital (04/2011-09/2023) were included and divided into PEI and non-PEI groups. Clinical outcomes included cardiopulmonary complications, incidence of automatic discharge or in-hospital death, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and rebleeding rate in one month. Extubation time in patients with PEI was also analyzed. Results Three patients had massive aspiration without PEI. Among 141 patients, 97 (68.8%) received PEI. Pneumonia and pulmonary edema were more frequent in the PEI group (42.3% vs. 25.0%; OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.00-4.86; P = 0.049; 26.8% vs. 6.8%; OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 1.42–17.55; P = 0.007), and the ICU LOS was also longer (P<0.001). Among patients with PEI, 29 (29.9%) patients were extubated within 24 h, and had a lower incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (4.4% vs. 17.2%, P = 0.049; adjusted P = 0.123), lower automatic discharge or in-hospital death rate (2.9% vs. 20.7%, P = 0.008), shorter ICU and hospital LOS (P<0.001). Conclusion PEI prior to emergency endoscopy may not protect patients with AEVB from cardiopulmonary complications or improve their prognosis, but it may prevent severe fatal aspiration. And early extubation appears to be associated with better clinical outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-e1c11e6e5e87438bac191ab3aa7503d42025-08-20T04:01:35ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-07-012511910.1186/s12876-025-04066-9Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center studyYi-Ru Zhao0Ya-Ting Wang1Xue-Qun Zhang2Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Background Prophylactic endotracheal intubation (PEI) is widely performed before emergency endoscopy in patients with acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding (AEVB). However, its safety and benefits remain controversial. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PEI in patients with AEVB and the appropriate extubation time. Methods Patients with AEVB and underwent emergency endoscopy at The First Affiliated Hospital (04/2011-09/2023) were included and divided into PEI and non-PEI groups. Clinical outcomes included cardiopulmonary complications, incidence of automatic discharge or in-hospital death, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and rebleeding rate in one month. Extubation time in patients with PEI was also analyzed. Results Three patients had massive aspiration without PEI. Among 141 patients, 97 (68.8%) received PEI. Pneumonia and pulmonary edema were more frequent in the PEI group (42.3% vs. 25.0%; OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.00-4.86; P = 0.049; 26.8% vs. 6.8%; OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 1.42–17.55; P = 0.007), and the ICU LOS was also longer (P<0.001). Among patients with PEI, 29 (29.9%) patients were extubated within 24 h, and had a lower incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (4.4% vs. 17.2%, P = 0.049; adjusted P = 0.123), lower automatic discharge or in-hospital death rate (2.9% vs. 20.7%, P = 0.008), shorter ICU and hospital LOS (P<0.001). Conclusion PEI prior to emergency endoscopy may not protect patients with AEVB from cardiopulmonary complications or improve their prognosis, but it may prevent severe fatal aspiration. And early extubation appears to be associated with better clinical outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04066-9Prophylactic endotracheal intubationAcute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhageEndoscopyCardiopulmonary complicationExtubation time
spellingShingle Yi-Ru Zhao
Ya-Ting Wang
Xue-Qun Zhang
Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study
BMC Gastroenterology
Prophylactic endotracheal intubation
Acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage
Endoscopy
Cardiopulmonary complication
Extubation time
title Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study
title_full Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study
title_fullStr Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study
title_full_unstemmed Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study
title_short Prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: a retrospective single center study
title_sort prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to emergency endoscopy for acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage a retrospective single center study
topic Prophylactic endotracheal intubation
Acute esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage
Endoscopy
Cardiopulmonary complication
Extubation time
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04066-9
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AT xuequnzhang prophylacticendotrachealintubationpriortoemergencyendoscopyforacuteesophagogastricvaricealhemorrhagearetrospectivesinglecenterstudy