Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways

Abstract Norfloxacin was degraded by thermally activated persulfate, and its degradation kinetics, influence factors and reaction pathways were investigated. The degradation rate of norfloxacin could reach 97.7% within 120 min under optimal conditions. The degradation reaction followed pseudo-first-...

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Main Authors: Fanghua Zhao, Shanjun Liu, Jingwei Geng, Ran Wei, Yuanjing Wen, Shan Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00148-5
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author Fanghua Zhao
Shanjun Liu
Jingwei Geng
Ran Wei
Yuanjing Wen
Shan Sun
author_facet Fanghua Zhao
Shanjun Liu
Jingwei Geng
Ran Wei
Yuanjing Wen
Shan Sun
author_sort Fanghua Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Norfloxacin was degraded by thermally activated persulfate, and its degradation kinetics, influence factors and reaction pathways were investigated. The degradation rate of norfloxacin could reach 97.7% within 120 min under optimal conditions. The degradation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 83.4 kJ/mol. Norfloxacin in cation form was beneficial to its degradation, and a low concentration of chloride ions had little effect on the norfloxacin degradation while PO4 3− could significantly inhibit the norfloxacin degradation. Eight intermediate products were identified, which inferred that the initiating reaction of the norfloxacin degradation by thermally activated persulfate mainly occurred on the piperazine ring. These findings provide critical insights for implementing the advanced oxidation processes based on thermally activated persulfate in antibiotic wastewater remediation.
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issn 3005-1193
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Springer
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series Discover Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-e1c0fb5be3aa4be7b59302ded3e5c54c2025-08-20T03:07:44ZengSpringerDiscover Chemistry3005-11932025-04-01211910.1007/s44371-025-00148-5Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathwaysFanghua Zhao0Shanjun Liu1Jingwei Geng2Ran Wei3Yuanjing Wen4Shan Sun5Tiezheng Testing Technology Co., LTDJinan Environmental Research AcademyTiezheng Testing Technology Co., LTDTiezheng Testing Technology Co., LTDTiezheng Testing Technology Co., LTDJinan Environmental Research AcademyAbstract Norfloxacin was degraded by thermally activated persulfate, and its degradation kinetics, influence factors and reaction pathways were investigated. The degradation rate of norfloxacin could reach 97.7% within 120 min under optimal conditions. The degradation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 83.4 kJ/mol. Norfloxacin in cation form was beneficial to its degradation, and a low concentration of chloride ions had little effect on the norfloxacin degradation while PO4 3− could significantly inhibit the norfloxacin degradation. Eight intermediate products were identified, which inferred that the initiating reaction of the norfloxacin degradation by thermally activated persulfate mainly occurred on the piperazine ring. These findings provide critical insights for implementing the advanced oxidation processes based on thermally activated persulfate in antibiotic wastewater remediation.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00148-5NorfloxacinPersulfateAdvanced oxidation processSulfate radical
spellingShingle Fanghua Zhao
Shanjun Liu
Jingwei Geng
Ran Wei
Yuanjing Wen
Shan Sun
Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways
Discover Chemistry
Norfloxacin
Persulfate
Advanced oxidation process
Sulfate radical
title Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways
title_full Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways
title_fullStr Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways
title_full_unstemmed Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways
title_short Degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, optimization and pathways
title_sort degradation of norfloxacin by thermally activated persulfate kinetics optimization and pathways
topic Norfloxacin
Persulfate
Advanced oxidation process
Sulfate radical
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00148-5
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