Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia

Abstract Background Diverse populations are more exposed to life course influences on adverse ageing, including brain ageing. Research into dementia in the United Kingdom inadvertently lacks diversity. Therefore, there is a need for more inclusive dementia research, developed in a way to ensure thos...

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Main Authors: Katrina Messiha, Nicole Thomas, Carol Brayne, Danielle M. Agnello, Lea R. Delfmann, Maria Giné-Garriga, Sonia Lippke, John Downey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Medical Research Methodology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02577-3
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author Katrina Messiha
Nicole Thomas
Carol Brayne
Danielle M. Agnello
Lea R. Delfmann
Maria Giné-Garriga
Sonia Lippke
John Downey
author_facet Katrina Messiha
Nicole Thomas
Carol Brayne
Danielle M. Agnello
Lea R. Delfmann
Maria Giné-Garriga
Sonia Lippke
John Downey
author_sort Katrina Messiha
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Diverse populations are more exposed to life course influences on adverse ageing, including brain ageing. Research into dementia in the United Kingdom inadvertently lacks diversity. Therefore, there is a need for more inclusive dementia research, developed in a way to ensure those who are currently missing from standard health data are represented. This may warrant the use of co-creation (emphasising collaborative creation and solution development), drawing on participatory methodologies in healthcare, research and service delivery. Methods This study presents a scoping review of grey literature using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. Literature was sourced from the Patient Experience Library and supplemented by a targeted Google Scholar search, employing snowball sampling to identify additional materials. The search strategy incorporated keywords such as “marginalised”, “vulnerable”, “disadvantaged” and participatory terms like “co-creation” and “co-design”. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted key higher-level attributes (e.g., type of report, purpose of the activity (design), participating stakeholders/target populations) as well as data related to “co-creation process dimensions” and “participation levels”. Results Our review identified 30 grey literature reports on participatory methodologies among underrepresented groups living with or at elevated risk of dementia, covering diverse locations within the United Kingdom. The reported activities aimed to enhance healthcare and social services through stakeholder participation. Our findings highlight a focus on multi-stakeholder collaborative action as the dominant co-creation dimension identified. However, there was also a notable absence of more inclusive methodologies, with consultation being the most commonly used approach. Conclusions Our scoping review highlights the value of grey literature in understanding participatory methodologies for underrepresented populations at risk of or living with dementia. It reveals there is still a potential need to shift from mere consultations to sustained partnerships, promoting meaningful inclusion and greater ownership of (health) outcomes among these populations. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was not required for this grey literature scoping review. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-e1bb42b3b7dc4ff694c1c81adc4b424a2025-08-20T02:37:57ZengBMCBMC Medical Research Methodology1471-22882025-05-0125111310.1186/s12874-025-02577-3Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementiaKatrina Messiha0Nicole Thomas1Carol Brayne2Danielle M. Agnello3Lea R. Delfmann4Maria Giné-Garriga5Sonia Lippke6John Downey7Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamCambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Herschel Smith Building, University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Herschel Smith Building, University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineSchool of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon LlullSchool of Business, Social & Decision Sciences, Constructor UniversitySchool of Nursing and Midwifery, University of PlymouthAbstract Background Diverse populations are more exposed to life course influences on adverse ageing, including brain ageing. Research into dementia in the United Kingdom inadvertently lacks diversity. Therefore, there is a need for more inclusive dementia research, developed in a way to ensure those who are currently missing from standard health data are represented. This may warrant the use of co-creation (emphasising collaborative creation and solution development), drawing on participatory methodologies in healthcare, research and service delivery. Methods This study presents a scoping review of grey literature using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. Literature was sourced from the Patient Experience Library and supplemented by a targeted Google Scholar search, employing snowball sampling to identify additional materials. The search strategy incorporated keywords such as “marginalised”, “vulnerable”, “disadvantaged” and participatory terms like “co-creation” and “co-design”. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted key higher-level attributes (e.g., type of report, purpose of the activity (design), participating stakeholders/target populations) as well as data related to “co-creation process dimensions” and “participation levels”. Results Our review identified 30 grey literature reports on participatory methodologies among underrepresented groups living with or at elevated risk of dementia, covering diverse locations within the United Kingdom. The reported activities aimed to enhance healthcare and social services through stakeholder participation. Our findings highlight a focus on multi-stakeholder collaborative action as the dominant co-creation dimension identified. However, there was also a notable absence of more inclusive methodologies, with consultation being the most commonly used approach. Conclusions Our scoping review highlights the value of grey literature in understanding participatory methodologies for underrepresented populations at risk of or living with dementia. It reveals there is still a potential need to shift from mere consultations to sustained partnerships, promoting meaningful inclusion and greater ownership of (health) outcomes among these populations. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was not required for this grey literature scoping review. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02577-3AgeingBrain healthCo-creationCo-designCo-productionSuper diversity
spellingShingle Katrina Messiha
Nicole Thomas
Carol Brayne
Danielle M. Agnello
Lea R. Delfmann
Maria Giné-Garriga
Sonia Lippke
John Downey
Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
BMC Medical Research Methodology
Ageing
Brain health
Co-creation
Co-design
Co-production
Super diversity
title Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
title_full Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
title_fullStr Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
title_full_unstemmed Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
title_short Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
title_sort grey literature scoping review a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia
topic Ageing
Brain health
Co-creation
Co-design
Co-production
Super diversity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02577-3
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