Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status
Objective. This paper aims to assess 25(OH)D levels in Italian children and adolescents identifying risk factors for 25(OH)D deficiency and to evaluate whether a normal 25(OH)D value can be restored in 25(OH)D-deficient patients. Methods. We evaluated 25(OH)D levels in 679 Italian children and adole...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583039 |
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| author | Stefano Stagi Paola Pelosi Massimo Strano Giovanni Poggi Cristina Manoni Maurizio de Martino Salvatore Seminara |
| author_facet | Stefano Stagi Paola Pelosi Massimo Strano Giovanni Poggi Cristina Manoni Maurizio de Martino Salvatore Seminara |
| author_sort | Stefano Stagi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. This paper aims to assess 25(OH)D levels in Italian children and adolescents identifying risk factors for 25(OH)D deficiency and to evaluate whether a normal 25(OH)D value can be restored in 25(OH)D-deficient patients. Methods. We evaluated 25(OH)D levels in 679 Italian children and adolescents (≤10, 11–20, 21–30, and >30 ng/mL were defined as severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency, resp.). Of these, 365 25(OH)D-deficient were followed up for 1 year; 205 were treated with cholecalciferol (Arm A: 400 I.U.) and 160 by improving the environmental variables influencing 25(OH)D levels (Arm B). Results. At cross-sectional evaluation, 11.3% showed sufficiency, 30.0% insufficiency, and 58.7% 25(OH)D deficiency. Mean 25(OH)D was 19.08±8.44 ng/mL. At the enrollment time (T0), no difference was found between Arms A and B with respect to distribution and 25(OH)D levels. At end time (T1) 26.0% (29.7% in Arm A versus 20.6% in Arm B) showed sufficiency, 38.4% (42.0% versus 34.4%) insufficiency, and 35.6% (28.3% versus 45.0%) 25(OH)D deficiency. Mean 25(OH)D level was 23.71±6.83 ng/mL. Conclusions. Neither changes of lifestyle nor 400 I.U. cholecalciferol supplementation alone appears to be sufficient to restore adequate 25(OH)D levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1b939cf50e64f1699c726c986b2aacd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8337 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1b939cf50e64f1699c726c986b2aacd2025-02-03T01:12:31ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452014-01-01201410.1155/2014/583039583039Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D StatusStefano Stagi0Paola Pelosi1Massimo Strano2Giovanni Poggi3Cristina Manoni4Maurizio de Martino5Salvatore Seminara6Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyHealth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyPediatric Unit, Mugello Hospital, Borgo San Lorenzo, 50032 Florence, ItalyHealth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyHealth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyHealth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyHealth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, ItalyObjective. This paper aims to assess 25(OH)D levels in Italian children and adolescents identifying risk factors for 25(OH)D deficiency and to evaluate whether a normal 25(OH)D value can be restored in 25(OH)D-deficient patients. Methods. We evaluated 25(OH)D levels in 679 Italian children and adolescents (≤10, 11–20, 21–30, and >30 ng/mL were defined as severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency, resp.). Of these, 365 25(OH)D-deficient were followed up for 1 year; 205 were treated with cholecalciferol (Arm A: 400 I.U.) and 160 by improving the environmental variables influencing 25(OH)D levels (Arm B). Results. At cross-sectional evaluation, 11.3% showed sufficiency, 30.0% insufficiency, and 58.7% 25(OH)D deficiency. Mean 25(OH)D was 19.08±8.44 ng/mL. At the enrollment time (T0), no difference was found between Arms A and B with respect to distribution and 25(OH)D levels. At end time (T1) 26.0% (29.7% in Arm A versus 20.6% in Arm B) showed sufficiency, 38.4% (42.0% versus 34.4%) insufficiency, and 35.6% (28.3% versus 45.0%) 25(OH)D deficiency. Mean 25(OH)D level was 23.71±6.83 ng/mL. Conclusions. Neither changes of lifestyle nor 400 I.U. cholecalciferol supplementation alone appears to be sufficient to restore adequate 25(OH)D levels.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583039 |
| spellingShingle | Stefano Stagi Paola Pelosi Massimo Strano Giovanni Poggi Cristina Manoni Maurizio de Martino Salvatore Seminara Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status |
| title_full | Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status |
| title_short | Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status |
| title_sort | determinants of vitamin d levels in italian children and adolescents a longitudinal evaluation of cholecalciferol supplementation versus the improvement of factors influencing 25 oh d status |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583039 |
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