A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor
With the demand for energy gravimetric and volumetric density in electrical vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are undergoing a trend toward larger formats, along with maximized cell-to-pack efficiency. Current battery thermal management systems and battery modeling, relying on point measurement (therm...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/1/19 |
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| author | Zhen Guo Mina Abedi Varnosfaderani Calum Briggs Erdogan Guk James Marco |
| author_facet | Zhen Guo Mina Abedi Varnosfaderani Calum Briggs Erdogan Guk James Marco |
| author_sort | Zhen Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the demand for energy gravimetric and volumetric density in electrical vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are undergoing a trend toward larger formats, along with maximized cell-to-pack efficiency. Current battery thermal management systems and battery modeling, relying on point measurement (thermocouples/thermistors), face challenges in providing comprehensive characterization for larger batteries and extensive monitoring across the pack. Here, we proposed a novel Rayleigh-scattering-based distributed optical fiber sensor to deliver thermal images of a large prismatic cell. Using an optical fiber of 1 mm diameter wrapped around the cell, the optical sensor delivered over 400 unique measurement locations at 3 mm spatial resolution. During a 1.0 C charge, the optical-measured maximum temperature difference was 8.2 °C, while point-like thermocouples, located at the cell front surface and rear surface center, only had a 0.8 °C maximum temperature difference. Moreover, the all-surface-covered optical sensor identified hotspot generation around the vicinity of the tabs, highlighting the essential role of tabs. The maximum temperature on the negative current tab reached 113.9 °C during a 1.5 C discharge, while the hottest spot on the cell surface was only 52.1 °C. This was further validated by the operando thermal image in both the time domain and the spatial domain, facilitating a detailed analysis of the thermal-behavior-like heat generation on the current tabs, transmission through the surface, and dissipation to the cell bottom. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1a7fecd74ad4e91b7c4a51945f78a32 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1a7fecd74ad4e91b7c4a51945f78a322025-01-24T13:22:26ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-01-011111910.3390/batteries11010019A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber SensorZhen Guo0Mina Abedi Varnosfaderani1Calum Briggs2Erdogan Guk3James Marco4Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKJaguar Land Rover, Banbury Road Gaydon, Lighthorne Heath, Warwick CV35 0RR, UKWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKWith the demand for energy gravimetric and volumetric density in electrical vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are undergoing a trend toward larger formats, along with maximized cell-to-pack efficiency. Current battery thermal management systems and battery modeling, relying on point measurement (thermocouples/thermistors), face challenges in providing comprehensive characterization for larger batteries and extensive monitoring across the pack. Here, we proposed a novel Rayleigh-scattering-based distributed optical fiber sensor to deliver thermal images of a large prismatic cell. Using an optical fiber of 1 mm diameter wrapped around the cell, the optical sensor delivered over 400 unique measurement locations at 3 mm spatial resolution. During a 1.0 C charge, the optical-measured maximum temperature difference was 8.2 °C, while point-like thermocouples, located at the cell front surface and rear surface center, only had a 0.8 °C maximum temperature difference. Moreover, the all-surface-covered optical sensor identified hotspot generation around the vicinity of the tabs, highlighting the essential role of tabs. The maximum temperature on the negative current tab reached 113.9 °C during a 1.5 C discharge, while the hottest spot on the cell surface was only 52.1 °C. This was further validated by the operando thermal image in both the time domain and the spatial domain, facilitating a detailed analysis of the thermal-behavior-like heat generation on the current tabs, transmission through the surface, and dissipation to the cell bottom.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/1/19Li-ion batteryLIBthermal gradientdistributed optical fiber sensoroptical frequency domain reflectometer |
| spellingShingle | Zhen Guo Mina Abedi Varnosfaderani Calum Briggs Erdogan Guk James Marco A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Batteries Li-ion battery LIB thermal gradient distributed optical fiber sensor optical frequency domain reflectometer |
| title | A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor |
| title_full | A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor |
| title_fullStr | A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor |
| title_short | A Millimeter-Resolution Operando Thermal Image of Prismatic Li-Ion Batteries Using a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor |
| title_sort | millimeter resolution operando thermal image of prismatic li ion batteries using a distributed optical fiber sensor |
| topic | Li-ion battery LIB thermal gradient distributed optical fiber sensor optical frequency domain reflectometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/1/19 |
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