Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase

Indigo, a natural dye traditionally extracted from plants, faces challenges in its conventional fermentation process, including low yield, poor quality, and long processing time. This study proposed an enzymatic process using Trichoderma cellulase to enhance indigo production from Indigofera tinctor...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ismat Karim, Surachai Pornpakakul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tamkang University Press 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202601-29-01-0016
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850157138802900992
author Ismat Karim
Surachai Pornpakakul
author_facet Ismat Karim
Surachai Pornpakakul
author_sort Ismat Karim
collection DOAJ
description Indigo, a natural dye traditionally extracted from plants, faces challenges in its conventional fermentation process, including low yield, poor quality, and long processing time. This study proposed an enzymatic process using Trichoderma cellulase to enhance indigo production from Indigofera tinctoria leaves powder. Indican is the main precursor for indigo production. Dried leaves powder treated with cellulase showed higher indican content compared to fresh leaves and it might not be fully released during conventional fermentation process. The indigo production with dried leaves powder by enzymatic process provided yield of 12.61mg/g which was 1.96 times higher than the fresh leaves conventional fermentation process (on dry basis). This was owing to simultaneous cellulase action for cell wall breaking to release indican and hydrolyzing indican to indigo. The purity of obtained crude indigo was also improved from 7.15% to 43.14% for conventional and enzymatic process, respectively. The optimum enzymatic process conditions were experimentally explored in triplicate and found reproducible. The enzyme stability and reusability were also improved by adding Ca^2+. This enhancement accompanied efficient use of bio-feedstock and sustainable approach to natural dye.
format Article
id doaj-art-e1a79cfc81f44843b013ba7235d6b3df
institution OA Journals
issn 2708-9967
2708-9975
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Tamkang University Press
record_format Article
series Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-e1a79cfc81f44843b013ba7235d6b3df2025-08-20T02:24:15ZengTamkang University PressJournal of Applied Science and Engineering2708-99672708-99752025-06-0129116116910.6180/jase.202601_29(1).0016Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma CellulaseIsmat Karim0Surachai Pornpakakul1Green Chemistry and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandResearch Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandIndigo, a natural dye traditionally extracted from plants, faces challenges in its conventional fermentation process, including low yield, poor quality, and long processing time. This study proposed an enzymatic process using Trichoderma cellulase to enhance indigo production from Indigofera tinctoria leaves powder. Indican is the main precursor for indigo production. Dried leaves powder treated with cellulase showed higher indican content compared to fresh leaves and it might not be fully released during conventional fermentation process. The indigo production with dried leaves powder by enzymatic process provided yield of 12.61mg/g which was 1.96 times higher than the fresh leaves conventional fermentation process (on dry basis). This was owing to simultaneous cellulase action for cell wall breaking to release indican and hydrolyzing indican to indigo. The purity of obtained crude indigo was also improved from 7.15% to 43.14% for conventional and enzymatic process, respectively. The optimum enzymatic process conditions were experimentally explored in triplicate and found reproducible. The enzyme stability and reusability were also improved by adding Ca^2+. This enhancement accompanied efficient use of bio-feedstock and sustainable approach to natural dye.http://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202601-29-01-0016indicanenzymatic processcharacterizationproductivity enhancement
spellingShingle Ismat Karim
Surachai Pornpakakul
Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
indican
enzymatic process
characterization
productivity enhancement
title Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
title_full Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
title_fullStr Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
title_full_unstemmed Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
title_short Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
title_sort process intensification and optimization of bio indigo production from indigofera tinctoria using trichoderma cellulase
topic indican
enzymatic process
characterization
productivity enhancement
url http://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202601-29-01-0016
work_keys_str_mv AT ismatkarim processintensificationandoptimizationofbioindigoproductionfromindigoferatinctoriausingtrichodermacellulase
AT surachaipornpakakul processintensificationandoptimizationofbioindigoproductionfromindigoferatinctoriausingtrichodermacellulase