Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase
Indigo, a natural dye traditionally extracted from plants, faces challenges in its conventional fermentation process, including low yield, poor quality, and long processing time. This study proposed an enzymatic process using Trichoderma cellulase to enhance indigo production from Indigofera tinctor...
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Tamkang University Press
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202601-29-01-0016 |
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| author | Ismat Karim Surachai Pornpakakul |
| author_facet | Ismat Karim Surachai Pornpakakul |
| author_sort | Ismat Karim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Indigo, a natural dye traditionally extracted from plants, faces challenges in its conventional fermentation process, including low yield, poor quality, and long processing time. This study proposed an enzymatic process using Trichoderma cellulase to enhance indigo production from Indigofera tinctoria leaves powder. Indican is the main precursor for indigo production. Dried leaves powder treated with cellulase showed higher indican content compared to fresh leaves and it might not be fully released during conventional fermentation process. The indigo production with dried leaves powder by enzymatic process provided yield of 12.61mg/g which was 1.96 times higher than the fresh leaves conventional fermentation process (on dry basis). This was owing to simultaneous cellulase action for cell wall breaking to release indican and hydrolyzing indican to indigo. The purity of obtained crude indigo was also improved from 7.15% to 43.14% for conventional and enzymatic process, respectively. The optimum enzymatic process conditions were experimentally explored in triplicate and found reproducible. The enzyme stability and reusability were also improved by adding Ca^2+. This enhancement accompanied efficient use of bio-feedstock and sustainable approach to natural dye. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1a79cfc81f44843b013ba7235d6b3df |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2708-9967 2708-9975 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Tamkang University Press |
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| series | Journal of Applied Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1a79cfc81f44843b013ba7235d6b3df2025-08-20T02:24:15ZengTamkang University PressJournal of Applied Science and Engineering2708-99672708-99752025-06-0129116116910.6180/jase.202601_29(1).0016Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma CellulaseIsmat Karim0Surachai Pornpakakul1Green Chemistry and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandResearch Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandIndigo, a natural dye traditionally extracted from plants, faces challenges in its conventional fermentation process, including low yield, poor quality, and long processing time. This study proposed an enzymatic process using Trichoderma cellulase to enhance indigo production from Indigofera tinctoria leaves powder. Indican is the main precursor for indigo production. Dried leaves powder treated with cellulase showed higher indican content compared to fresh leaves and it might not be fully released during conventional fermentation process. The indigo production with dried leaves powder by enzymatic process provided yield of 12.61mg/g which was 1.96 times higher than the fresh leaves conventional fermentation process (on dry basis). This was owing to simultaneous cellulase action for cell wall breaking to release indican and hydrolyzing indican to indigo. The purity of obtained crude indigo was also improved from 7.15% to 43.14% for conventional and enzymatic process, respectively. The optimum enzymatic process conditions were experimentally explored in triplicate and found reproducible. The enzyme stability and reusability were also improved by adding Ca^2+. This enhancement accompanied efficient use of bio-feedstock and sustainable approach to natural dye.http://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202601-29-01-0016indicanenzymatic processcharacterizationproductivity enhancement |
| spellingShingle | Ismat Karim Surachai Pornpakakul Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase Journal of Applied Science and Engineering indican enzymatic process characterization productivity enhancement |
| title | Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase |
| title_full | Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase |
| title_fullStr | Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase |
| title_short | Process Intensification and Optimization of Bio-Indigo Production from Indigofera tinctoria using Trichoderma Cellulase |
| title_sort | process intensification and optimization of bio indigo production from indigofera tinctoria using trichoderma cellulase |
| topic | indican enzymatic process characterization productivity enhancement |
| url | http://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202601-29-01-0016 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ismatkarim processintensificationandoptimizationofbioindigoproductionfromindigoferatinctoriausingtrichodermacellulase AT surachaipornpakakul processintensificationandoptimizationofbioindigoproductionfromindigoferatinctoriausingtrichodermacellulase |