Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
BackgroundsEarly-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD) presents a significant financial burden on healthcare systems and medical expenses. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive quantitative assessments to fully understand the extent of this burden. The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) initiative...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| author | Xinyu Li Jingpei Zhou Wanqing Peng Renhui Zhao Quan Sun Zhijuan Liu Yanning Liu Ziyuan Li Ziting Huang Yihui Zhang Shuqiao Zhang Xubo Hong Zhenhu Chen Jun Lyu Jun Lyu Nanbu Wang |
| author_facet | Xinyu Li Jingpei Zhou Wanqing Peng Renhui Zhao Quan Sun Zhijuan Liu Yanning Liu Ziyuan Li Ziting Huang Yihui Zhang Shuqiao Zhang Xubo Hong Zhenhu Chen Jun Lyu Jun Lyu Nanbu Wang |
| author_sort | Xinyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundsEarly-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD) presents a significant financial burden on healthcare systems and medical expenses. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive quantitative assessments to fully understand the extent of this burden. The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) initiative aims to provide a standardized and thorough evaluation of these factors on a global, regional, and national scale. This study aimed to calculate the global burden of EOPD and characterize regional disparities, SDI-based inequalities, and gender differences in disease burden, with a focus on trends from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe utilized data from the GBD Study 2021 to analyze the burden of EOPD by examining factors such as incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates. We focused on trends in EOPD incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and deaths from 1990 to 2021. Additionally, socio-demographic index (SDI)-related determinants that influence EOPD DALYs and characterized the disparities in EOPD burden associated with different SDI levels over the same period.ResultsIn EOPD, a significant increase in age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and DALYs while the death rate declined. Males exhibited a higher burden than females across all metrics. Geographic disparities showed that East Asia had the highest rates of incidence and DALYs, while Andean Latin America recorded the highest prevalence. Countries with higher SDI levels, particularly China, Bolivia, and Peru, bore the greatest burden. Socioeconomic patterns suggested high-middle SDI regions experienced the highest rates of incidence and prevalence, whereas middle-SDI regions showed the highest rates of disability and mortality. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth was the primary driver of increased DALYs in middle-SDI regions. Additionally, inequality analysis indicated that countries with higher SDI levels faced a disproportionately lower burden of disease.ConclusionThis study confirms a global increase in the burden of EOPD, and indicate rising incidence and prevalence rates, an increase in DALYs, and a decline in mortality rates. A notable predominance of male cases, along with significant geographic and socioeconomic disparities. Regions with a middle SDI experience the most significant burden of disability and mortality, primarily driven by population growth. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these inequities. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1a788a74ba442e1a2b84416fbadb89b2025-08-20T03:51:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-07-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.16185331618533Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Xinyu Li0Jingpei Zhou1Wanqing Peng2Renhui Zhao3Quan Sun4Zhijuan Liu5Yanning Liu6Ziyuan Li7Ziting Huang8Yihui Zhang9Shuqiao Zhang10Xubo Hong11Zhenhu Chen12Jun Lyu13Jun Lyu14Nanbu Wang15The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaBackgroundsEarly-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD) presents a significant financial burden on healthcare systems and medical expenses. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive quantitative assessments to fully understand the extent of this burden. The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) initiative aims to provide a standardized and thorough evaluation of these factors on a global, regional, and national scale. This study aimed to calculate the global burden of EOPD and characterize regional disparities, SDI-based inequalities, and gender differences in disease burden, with a focus on trends from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe utilized data from the GBD Study 2021 to analyze the burden of EOPD by examining factors such as incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates. We focused on trends in EOPD incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and deaths from 1990 to 2021. Additionally, socio-demographic index (SDI)-related determinants that influence EOPD DALYs and characterized the disparities in EOPD burden associated with different SDI levels over the same period.ResultsIn EOPD, a significant increase in age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and DALYs while the death rate declined. Males exhibited a higher burden than females across all metrics. Geographic disparities showed that East Asia had the highest rates of incidence and DALYs, while Andean Latin America recorded the highest prevalence. Countries with higher SDI levels, particularly China, Bolivia, and Peru, bore the greatest burden. Socioeconomic patterns suggested high-middle SDI regions experienced the highest rates of incidence and prevalence, whereas middle-SDI regions showed the highest rates of disability and mortality. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth was the primary driver of increased DALYs in middle-SDI regions. Additionally, inequality analysis indicated that countries with higher SDI levels faced a disproportionately lower burden of disease.ConclusionThis study confirms a global increase in the burden of EOPD, and indicate rising incidence and prevalence rates, an increase in DALYs, and a decline in mortality rates. A notable predominance of male cases, along with significant geographic and socioeconomic disparities. Regions with a middle SDI experience the most significant burden of disability and mortality, primarily driven by population growth. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these inequities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1618533/fullepidemiologypublic healthearly-onset Parkinson’s diseasedisability-adjusted life yearsneurological disorders |
| spellingShingle | Xinyu Li Jingpei Zhou Wanqing Peng Renhui Zhao Quan Sun Zhijuan Liu Yanning Liu Ziyuan Li Ziting Huang Yihui Zhang Shuqiao Zhang Xubo Hong Zhenhu Chen Jun Lyu Jun Lyu Nanbu Wang Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Frontiers in Public Health epidemiology public health early-onset Parkinson’s disease disability-adjusted life years neurological disorders |
| title | Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full | Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_short | Mapping the global burden of early-onset Parkinson’s disease: socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_sort | mapping the global burden of early onset parkinson s disease socioeconomic and regional inequalities from the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| topic | epidemiology public health early-onset Parkinson’s disease disability-adjusted life years neurological disorders |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1618533/full |
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