Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has transformed our understanding of respiratory disease transmission, particularly through aerosols. This systematic review examines studies published up to October 2, 2024 and focused on filter-based sampling methods reviewing key sampling and molecular diagnostic parameters to...

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Main Authors: C. Alfaro-Perez, M. Barberá-Riera, R. de Llanos, JM Delgado-Saborit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01180-z
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author C. Alfaro-Perez
M. Barberá-Riera
R. de Llanos
JM Delgado-Saborit
author_facet C. Alfaro-Perez
M. Barberá-Riera
R. de Llanos
JM Delgado-Saborit
author_sort C. Alfaro-Perez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has transformed our understanding of respiratory disease transmission, particularly through aerosols. This systematic review examines studies published up to October 2, 2024 and focused on filter-based sampling methods reviewing key sampling and molecular diagnostic parameters to characterise airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA from filters. A total of 84 studies were reviewed, yielding 104 datasets from different environments, including 70 studies indoors, 8 outdoors and 6 sampling both indoors and outdoors. The findings suggest that sampling volume, type of filter and storage conditions after sampling affect the detection positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in aerosols sampled near infected individuals indoors. No sampling or analytical parameters were identified to be associated with detection or quantification. Further experiments are recommended to ascertain the optimal methodological parameters for characterising SARS-COV-2 RNA in aerosols for environmental surveillance, including early warning systems, non-intrusive environmental monitoring, managing COVID-19 outbreaks and characterising viral airborne transmission.
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spelling doaj-art-e1a64fcabfad4fe6894b80487030d2d82025-08-24T11:16:02ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-08-018112910.1038/s41612-025-01180-zSystematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillanceC. Alfaro-Perez0M. Barberá-Riera1R. de Llanos2JM Delgado-Saborit3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/nDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/nDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/nDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/nAbstract SARS-CoV-2 has transformed our understanding of respiratory disease transmission, particularly through aerosols. This systematic review examines studies published up to October 2, 2024 and focused on filter-based sampling methods reviewing key sampling and molecular diagnostic parameters to characterise airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA from filters. A total of 84 studies were reviewed, yielding 104 datasets from different environments, including 70 studies indoors, 8 outdoors and 6 sampling both indoors and outdoors. The findings suggest that sampling volume, type of filter and storage conditions after sampling affect the detection positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in aerosols sampled near infected individuals indoors. No sampling or analytical parameters were identified to be associated with detection or quantification. Further experiments are recommended to ascertain the optimal methodological parameters for characterising SARS-COV-2 RNA in aerosols for environmental surveillance, including early warning systems, non-intrusive environmental monitoring, managing COVID-19 outbreaks and characterising viral airborne transmission.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01180-z
spellingShingle C. Alfaro-Perez
M. Barberá-Riera
R. de Llanos
JM Delgado-Saborit
Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance
title_full Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance
title_fullStr Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance
title_full_unstemmed Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance
title_short Systematic review and meta-analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA for environmental surveillance
title_sort systematic review and meta analysis of methodological approaches for characterising airborne sars cov 2 rna for environmental surveillance
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01180-z
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