The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes
Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) is a plant known for its nutritional and medicinal properties whose use as a supplement in animal diets has attracted much interest. We studied the effects of powdered maca root extract on the growth potential of in vitro cultured porcine cells pri...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Weronika Loba-Pasternak Mehmet Onur Aksoy Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Lidia Szwajkowska-Michalek Pawel Kolodziejski Izabela Szczerbal Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk |
| author_facet | Weronika Loba-Pasternak Mehmet Onur Aksoy Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Lidia Szwajkowska-Michalek Pawel Kolodziejski Izabela Szczerbal Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk |
| author_sort | Weronika Loba-Pasternak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) is a plant known for its nutritional and medicinal properties whose use as a supplement in animal diets has attracted much interest. We studied the effects of powdered maca root extract on the growth potential of in vitro cultured porcine cells prior to its use as an additive in animal nutrition. Fibroblast cell viability (MTT), cell proliferation (BrdU), and apoptosis level (TUNEL) were measured for a range of extract doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 mg/mL). Transcript levels of <i>CCND1</i>, <i>MCM2</i>, and <i>PCNA</i> genes as molecular markers of cell proliferation were also determined. Next, the effects of maca extract at 2 and 5 mg/mL on in vitro induced adipogenesis were evaluated over eight days of differentiation. The transcript levels of three adipocyte marker genes (<i>CEBPA</i>, <i>PPARG</i>, and <i>FABPB4</i>) were measured at days 0, 4, and 8 of adipose differentiation, and lipid droplet accumulation (BODIPY staining) was also noted. No cytotoxic effect was detected on fibroblast cell viability, and the inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value was determined to be IC<sub>50</sub> > 10 mg/mL. Doses of maca extract above 3 mg/mL decreased cell proliferation. The transcript level decreased in concentrations above 5 for the <i>MCM2</i> and <i>PCNA</i> genes. For the <i>CCND1</i> gene, the transcript level decreased when the greatest maca dose was used. In the in vitro adipogenesis experiment, it was found that the rate of lipid droplet formation increased on day 4 of differentiation for both doses, while decreased lipid droplet formation was observed on day 8 for 5 mg/mL of maca extract. Significant changes were seen in the mRNA level for <i>CEBPA</i> and <i>PPARG</i> on days 4 and 8, while the transcript of <i>FABP4</i> increased only on day 8 at 2 mg/mL dose. It can be concluded that the addition of Peruvian maca in small doses (<3 mg/mL) has no negative effect on porcine fibroblast growth or proliferation, while 2 mg/mL of maca extract enhances adipocyte differentiation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1a1ba46aad6446882c729ba6b136d9a |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e1a1ba46aad6446882c729ba6b136d9a2025-08-20T02:04:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-0130484710.3390/molecules30040847The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and AdipocytesWeronika Loba-Pasternak0Mehmet Onur Aksoy1Kinga Stuper-Szablewska2Lidia Szwajkowska-Michalek3Pawel Kolodziejski4Izabela Szczerbal5Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk6Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandPeruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) is a plant known for its nutritional and medicinal properties whose use as a supplement in animal diets has attracted much interest. We studied the effects of powdered maca root extract on the growth potential of in vitro cultured porcine cells prior to its use as an additive in animal nutrition. Fibroblast cell viability (MTT), cell proliferation (BrdU), and apoptosis level (TUNEL) were measured for a range of extract doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 mg/mL). Transcript levels of <i>CCND1</i>, <i>MCM2</i>, and <i>PCNA</i> genes as molecular markers of cell proliferation were also determined. Next, the effects of maca extract at 2 and 5 mg/mL on in vitro induced adipogenesis were evaluated over eight days of differentiation. The transcript levels of three adipocyte marker genes (<i>CEBPA</i>, <i>PPARG</i>, and <i>FABPB4</i>) were measured at days 0, 4, and 8 of adipose differentiation, and lipid droplet accumulation (BODIPY staining) was also noted. No cytotoxic effect was detected on fibroblast cell viability, and the inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value was determined to be IC<sub>50</sub> > 10 mg/mL. Doses of maca extract above 3 mg/mL decreased cell proliferation. The transcript level decreased in concentrations above 5 for the <i>MCM2</i> and <i>PCNA</i> genes. For the <i>CCND1</i> gene, the transcript level decreased when the greatest maca dose was used. In the in vitro adipogenesis experiment, it was found that the rate of lipid droplet formation increased on day 4 of differentiation for both doses, while decreased lipid droplet formation was observed on day 8 for 5 mg/mL of maca extract. Significant changes were seen in the mRNA level for <i>CEBPA</i> and <i>PPARG</i> on days 4 and 8, while the transcript of <i>FABP4</i> increased only on day 8 at 2 mg/mL dose. It can be concluded that the addition of Peruvian maca in small doses (<3 mg/mL) has no negative effect on porcine fibroblast growth or proliferation, while 2 mg/mL of maca extract enhances adipocyte differentiation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/4/847macacytotoxicityapoptosiscell viabilitygenome stabilityin vitro adipogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Weronika Loba-Pasternak Mehmet Onur Aksoy Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Lidia Szwajkowska-Michalek Pawel Kolodziejski Izabela Szczerbal Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes Molecules maca cytotoxicity apoptosis cell viability genome stability in vitro adipogenesis |
| title | The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes |
| title_full | The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes |
| title_short | The Effects of Peruvian maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) Root Extract on In Vitro Cultured Porcine Fibroblasts and Adipocytes |
| title_sort | effects of peruvian maca i lepidium meyenii i root extract on in vitro cultured porcine fibroblasts and adipocytes |
| topic | maca cytotoxicity apoptosis cell viability genome stability in vitro adipogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/4/847 |
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