Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer

Microbial communities living in the same environment often display alternative stable states, each characterized by a unique composition of species. Understanding the origin and determinants of microbiome multistability has broad implications in environments, human health, and microbiome engineering...

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Main Authors: Juken Hong, Wenzhi Xue, Teng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-03-01
Series:eLife
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Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/99593
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author Juken Hong
Wenzhi Xue
Teng Wang
author_facet Juken Hong
Wenzhi Xue
Teng Wang
author_sort Juken Hong
collection DOAJ
description Microbial communities living in the same environment often display alternative stable states, each characterized by a unique composition of species. Understanding the origin and determinants of microbiome multistability has broad implications in environments, human health, and microbiome engineering. However, despite its conceptual importance, how multistability emerges in complex communities remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), one important aspect mostly overlooked in previous studies, on the stability landscape of microbial populations. Combining mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that, when mobile genetic elements (MGEs) only affect bacterial growth rates, increasing HGT rate in general promotes multistability of complex microbiota. We further extend our analysis to scenarios where HGT changes interspecies interactions, microbial communities are subjected to strong environmental selections and microbes live in metacommunities consisting of multiple local habitats. We also discuss the role of different mechanisms, including interspecies interaction strength, the growth rate effects of MGEs, MGE epistasis and microbial death rates in shaping the multistability of microbial communities undergoing HGT. These results reveal how different dynamic processes collectively shape community multistability and diversity. Our results provide key insights for the predictive control and engineering of complex microbiota.
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spelling doaj-art-e1a115bbe0154ae7b7b23cbc62fd22f92025-08-20T03:00:55ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2025-03-011310.7554/eLife.99593Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transferJuken Hong0Wenzhi Xue1Teng Wang2https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5176-5095Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, ChinaMicrobial communities living in the same environment often display alternative stable states, each characterized by a unique composition of species. Understanding the origin and determinants of microbiome multistability has broad implications in environments, human health, and microbiome engineering. However, despite its conceptual importance, how multistability emerges in complex communities remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), one important aspect mostly overlooked in previous studies, on the stability landscape of microbial populations. Combining mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that, when mobile genetic elements (MGEs) only affect bacterial growth rates, increasing HGT rate in general promotes multistability of complex microbiota. We further extend our analysis to scenarios where HGT changes interspecies interactions, microbial communities are subjected to strong environmental selections and microbes live in metacommunities consisting of multiple local habitats. We also discuss the role of different mechanisms, including interspecies interaction strength, the growth rate effects of MGEs, MGE epistasis and microbial death rates in shaping the multistability of microbial communities undergoing HGT. These results reveal how different dynamic processes collectively shape community multistability and diversity. Our results provide key insights for the predictive control and engineering of complex microbiota.https://elifesciences.org/articles/99593microbial communitymultistabilityhorizontal gene transferplasmidantiobiotic resistancemicrobial diversity
spellingShingle Juken Hong
Wenzhi Xue
Teng Wang
Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
eLife
microbial community
multistability
horizontal gene transfer
plasmid
antiobiotic resistance
microbial diversity
title Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
title_full Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
title_fullStr Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
title_short Emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
title_sort emergence of alternative stable states in microbial communities undergoing horizontal gene transfer
topic microbial community
multistability
horizontal gene transfer
plasmid
antiobiotic resistance
microbial diversity
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/99593
work_keys_str_mv AT jukenhong emergenceofalternativestablestatesinmicrobialcommunitiesundergoinghorizontalgenetransfer
AT wenzhixue emergenceofalternativestablestatesinmicrobialcommunitiesundergoinghorizontalgenetransfer
AT tengwang emergenceofalternativestablestatesinmicrobialcommunitiesundergoinghorizontalgenetransfer