Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators

Effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems are central to ensuring the performance and accountability of the district health system (DHS). Current systems in South Africa are suboptimal and poorly oriented to the decision-making needs of district managers. Drawing on a WHO measuremen...

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Main Authors: P Barron, H Mahomed, T C Masilela, K Vallabhjee, N Ndlovu, C Goliath, H Schneider
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: South African Medical Association 2025-06-01
Series:South African Medical Journal
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Online Access:https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/samj/article/view/2673
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author P Barron
H Mahomed
T C Masilela
K Vallabhjee
N Ndlovu
C Goliath
H Schneider
author_facet P Barron
H Mahomed
T C Masilela
K Vallabhjee
N Ndlovu
C Goliath
H Schneider
author_sort P Barron
collection DOAJ
description Effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems are central to ensuring the performance and accountability of the district health system (DHS). Current systems in South Africa are suboptimal and poorly oriented to the decision-making needs of district managers. Drawing on a WHO measurement framework for the performance of primary healthcare, and as a follow-up to a first article describing the challenges of M&E systems in the DHS, this article proposes a DHS performance monitoring dashboard that is both practical and pragmatic. The dashboard was constructed in an iterative and consultative process, and consists of 20 indicators for quarterly monitoring. A set of general criteria underpinning the choice of indicators is spelled out (e.g. the data are readily available and reliable). Indicators that do not have much variability, or are better suited to annual evaluation (e.g. number of community health workers per 1 000 population) are not included. The dashboard includes the name or description of the indicator, the definition of the indicator, why it is useful, challenges and pitfalls to be considered when analysing the indicator and how it can be used for decision-making. We propose that these indicators be assessed, tracked and monitored on a quarterly basis by relevant managers at the facility subdistrict and district levels. We emphasise that the purpose of this dashboard is not external compliance, but rather to support district managerial decision-making and accountability.
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spelling doaj-art-e1a024b49c204cd9a18c77a0d5fc19fd2025-08-20T03:22:45ZengSouth African Medical AssociationSouth African Medical Journal0256-95742078-51352025-06-01115510.7196/SAMJ.2025.v115i5.2673Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicatorsP Barron0H Mahomed1T C Masilela2K Vallabhjee3N Ndlovu4C Goliath5H Schneider6School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaWestern Cape Government Department of Health and Wellness, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South AfricaDepartment of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, South African Government, Pretoria, South AfricaClinton Health Access Initiative, South Africa, and Division of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaHealth Systems Trust, Durban, South AfricaWestern Cape Government Department of Health and Wellness, Cape Town, South AfricaSchool of Public Health and SAMRC Health Services to Systems Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems are central to ensuring the performance and accountability of the district health system (DHS). Current systems in South Africa are suboptimal and poorly oriented to the decision-making needs of district managers. Drawing on a WHO measurement framework for the performance of primary healthcare, and as a follow-up to a first article describing the challenges of M&E systems in the DHS, this article proposes a DHS performance monitoring dashboard that is both practical and pragmatic. The dashboard was constructed in an iterative and consultative process, and consists of 20 indicators for quarterly monitoring. A set of general criteria underpinning the choice of indicators is spelled out (e.g. the data are readily available and reliable). Indicators that do not have much variability, or are better suited to annual evaluation (e.g. number of community health workers per 1 000 population) are not included. The dashboard includes the name or description of the indicator, the definition of the indicator, why it is useful, challenges and pitfalls to be considered when analysing the indicator and how it can be used for decision-making. We propose that these indicators be assessed, tracked and monitored on a quarterly basis by relevant managers at the facility subdistrict and district levels. We emphasise that the purpose of this dashboard is not external compliance, but rather to support district managerial decision-making and accountability. https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/samj/article/view/2673monitoring and evaluation, district health system, South Africa
spellingShingle P Barron
H Mahomed
T C Masilela
K Vallabhjee
N Ndlovu
C Goliath
H Schneider
Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
South African Medical Journal
monitoring and evaluation, district health system, South Africa
title Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
title_full Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
title_fullStr Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
title_short Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: A proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
title_sort monitoring district health system performance in south africa a proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
topic monitoring and evaluation, district health system, South Africa
url https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/samj/article/view/2673
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