Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea
Mesoscale air-sea interactions reveal the dependence between wind stress and sea surface temperature (SST) where the wind stress directional steadiness (WSDS) serves as a critical role in modulating such interaction. Using satellite-derived SST and reanalysis wind stress data (2003–2022), this study...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1619142/full |
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| author | Xingyu Liu Sana Ben Ismail Yuntao Wang |
| author_facet | Xingyu Liu Sana Ben Ismail Yuntao Wang |
| author_sort | Xingyu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mesoscale air-sea interactions reveal the dependence between wind stress and sea surface temperature (SST) where the wind stress directional steadiness (WSDS) serves as a critical role in modulating such interaction. Using satellite-derived SST and reanalysis wind stress data (2003–2022), this study investigates WSDS-mediated coupling in the western Arabian Sea, demonstrating that during the summer monsoon, persistently high WSDS creates optimal conditions for air-sea interactions. The coupling coefficients between wind stress curl (WSC) and crosswind SST gradient (CWSG) exhibits a monotonic strengthening from May (r = 0.80) to September (r = 0.93), with prolonged high WSDS enhancing coupling coefficients through cumulative effects. This intense coupling arises from southwest monsoon-driven coastal upwelling that generates sharp SST fronts. In contrast, the winter monsoon lacks upwelling and frontal activity, suppressing the interactions. Transitional seasons exhibit intermediate behavior that spring shows strengthening coupling as WSDS increases with monsoon onset, while autumn exhibits diminishing coupling as WSDS declines post-monsoon. These results highlight WSDS as a key regulator of mesoscale air-sea interactions in monsoon-dominated regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e19bdb1a811245ae82fc3f40f774c5e1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e19bdb1a811245ae82fc3f40f774c5e12025-08-20T02:37:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-07-011210.3389/fmars.2025.16191421619142Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian SeaXingyu Liu0Sana Ben Ismail1Yuntao Wang2South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Hangzhou, ChinaLaboratory Milieu Marin, Institute National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tunis, TunisiaSouth China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Hangzhou, ChinaMesoscale air-sea interactions reveal the dependence between wind stress and sea surface temperature (SST) where the wind stress directional steadiness (WSDS) serves as a critical role in modulating such interaction. Using satellite-derived SST and reanalysis wind stress data (2003–2022), this study investigates WSDS-mediated coupling in the western Arabian Sea, demonstrating that during the summer monsoon, persistently high WSDS creates optimal conditions for air-sea interactions. The coupling coefficients between wind stress curl (WSC) and crosswind SST gradient (CWSG) exhibits a monotonic strengthening from May (r = 0.80) to September (r = 0.93), with prolonged high WSDS enhancing coupling coefficients through cumulative effects. This intense coupling arises from southwest monsoon-driven coastal upwelling that generates sharp SST fronts. In contrast, the winter monsoon lacks upwelling and frontal activity, suppressing the interactions. Transitional seasons exhibit intermediate behavior that spring shows strengthening coupling as WSDS increases with monsoon onset, while autumn exhibits diminishing coupling as WSDS declines post-monsoon. These results highlight WSDS as a key regulator of mesoscale air-sea interactions in monsoon-dominated regions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1619142/fullwind stress directional steadinessmesoscale air-sea interactionsfrontupwellingcoupling coefficientArabian Sea |
| spellingShingle | Xingyu Liu Sana Ben Ismail Yuntao Wang Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea Frontiers in Marine Science wind stress directional steadiness mesoscale air-sea interactions front upwelling coupling coefficient Arabian Sea |
| title | Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea |
| title_full | Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea |
| title_fullStr | Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea |
| title_short | Role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air-sea interactions in the Western Arabian Sea |
| title_sort | role of wind stress directional steadiness in modulating mesoscale air sea interactions in the western arabian sea |
| topic | wind stress directional steadiness mesoscale air-sea interactions front upwelling coupling coefficient Arabian Sea |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1619142/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xingyuliu roleofwindstressdirectionalsteadinessinmodulatingmesoscaleairseainteractionsinthewesternarabiansea AT sanabenismail roleofwindstressdirectionalsteadinessinmodulatingmesoscaleairseainteractionsinthewesternarabiansea AT yuntaowang roleofwindstressdirectionalsteadinessinmodulatingmesoscaleairseainteractionsinthewesternarabiansea |