Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh

Abstract In many temperate marshes, the surface microtopography is determined by specific growth forms of dominant wetland plants. The formation of long-lasting distinct tussocks by some Carex species represents a growth adaptation, which significantly changes the ecosystem and facilitates the survi...

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Main Authors: Jiří Dušek, Jan Novotný, Barbora Navrátilová, Markéta Mejdová, Lukáš Kokrda, Stanislav Stellner, Andrea Kučerová
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98067-z
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author Jiří Dušek
Jan Novotný
Barbora Navrátilová
Markéta Mejdová
Lukáš Kokrda
Stanislav Stellner
Andrea Kučerová
author_facet Jiří Dušek
Jan Novotný
Barbora Navrátilová
Markéta Mejdová
Lukáš Kokrda
Stanislav Stellner
Andrea Kučerová
author_sort Jiří Dušek
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In many temperate marshes, the surface microtopography is determined by specific growth forms of dominant wetland plants. The formation of long-lasting distinct tussocks by some Carex species represents a growth adaptation, which significantly changes the ecosystem and facilitates the survival of other wetland plants. Therefore, the gradual decline of such an ecosystem engineer may affect both species diversity and the surface microtopography of wetlands in the long term. Using in situ terrestrial laser scanning, we analyzed tussock characteristics in five different stands typical of a temperate sedge-grass marsh to determine potential microtopography changes due to an altered water regime. Tussocks of Carex acuta were different in 2D area, perimeter, height, and roundness. The distances among tussocks were similar and distributed evenly in all vegetation stands. The highest tussocks occurred in stands dominated by Carex acuta and in Carex acuta and Calamagrostis canescens mixture stands. Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus significantly modified the height and the shape of tussocks in contrast to Calamagrostis canescens, which affects tussocks at least and uses them as habitats. The characteristics of tussocks in mixed stands were influenced by the growth characteristics of all co-occurring dominant plants (ecosystem engineers). Frequent shallow short-term flooding is necessary to maintain the current microtopography in the studied sedge-grass marsh as it promotes the dominance of tussock forming wetland plants and excludes ruderal or invasive terrestrial plant species.
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spelling doaj-art-e1831a24793649058eeea2a6381c3ad62025-08-20T02:27:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-98067-zPlant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marshJiří Dušek0Jan Novotný1Barbora Navrátilová2Markéta Mejdová3Lukáš Kokrda4Stanislav Stellner5Andrea Kučerová6Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesAbstract In many temperate marshes, the surface microtopography is determined by specific growth forms of dominant wetland plants. The formation of long-lasting distinct tussocks by some Carex species represents a growth adaptation, which significantly changes the ecosystem and facilitates the survival of other wetland plants. Therefore, the gradual decline of such an ecosystem engineer may affect both species diversity and the surface microtopography of wetlands in the long term. Using in situ terrestrial laser scanning, we analyzed tussock characteristics in five different stands typical of a temperate sedge-grass marsh to determine potential microtopography changes due to an altered water regime. Tussocks of Carex acuta were different in 2D area, perimeter, height, and roundness. The distances among tussocks were similar and distributed evenly in all vegetation stands. The highest tussocks occurred in stands dominated by Carex acuta and in Carex acuta and Calamagrostis canescens mixture stands. Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus significantly modified the height and the shape of tussocks in contrast to Calamagrostis canescens, which affects tussocks at least and uses them as habitats. The characteristics of tussocks in mixed stands were influenced by the growth characteristics of all co-occurring dominant plants (ecosystem engineers). Frequent shallow short-term flooding is necessary to maintain the current microtopography in the studied sedge-grass marsh as it promotes the dominance of tussock forming wetland plants and excludes ruderal or invasive terrestrial plant species.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98067-zEcologyEcosystem engineerGround-based LiDARPoint cloudSedgesTerrestrial laser scanning (TLS)
spellingShingle Jiří Dušek
Jan Novotný
Barbora Navrátilová
Markéta Mejdová
Lukáš Kokrda
Stanislav Stellner
Andrea Kučerová
Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh
Scientific Reports
Ecology
Ecosystem engineer
Ground-based LiDAR
Point cloud
Sedges
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)
title Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh
title_full Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh
title_fullStr Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh
title_full_unstemmed Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh
title_short Plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge-grass marsh
title_sort plant species as ecological engineers of microtopography in a temperate sedge grass marsh
topic Ecology
Ecosystem engineer
Ground-based LiDAR
Point cloud
Sedges
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98067-z
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