The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows

This study examines the importance of the thermal effects of ambipolar diffusion (AD), by analyzing the governing properties in the middle and outer regions of a standard thin accretion disk with outflows. To accomplish this, we derive the nonideal magnetohydrodynamic equations, considering both the...

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Main Authors: Mahmoud Gholipour, Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad822b
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author Mahmoud Gholipour
Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh
author_facet Mahmoud Gholipour
Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh
author_sort Mahmoud Gholipour
collection DOAJ
description This study examines the importance of the thermal effects of ambipolar diffusion (AD), by analyzing the governing properties in the middle and outer regions of a standard thin accretion disk with outflows. To accomplish this, we derive the nonideal magnetohydrodynamic equations, considering both the dynamical and thermal impacts of AD in these regions of the disk. In a stationary state, we utilize the self-similar technique to analyze the vertical structure of a disk with outflows and express the ambipolar diffusivity in terms of the Alfvén velocity and the Elsässer number. Our main focus is on the vertical temperature profile at large radii of the disk when the values of the Elsässer number are small. While the findings indicate that AD heating has minimal effects within the disk, it does play a critical role near the disk surface. When the Elsässer number is low, there is a notable rate of outflows and disk evaporation, resulting in angular momentum transport in these regions. This issue becomes important when we decrease the value of turbulent viscosity, as it leads to highlighting the AD heating effect. This allows the surface regions to become hotter and results in an increase in the drive of the outflows. The results of this research may be important for studying disk coronae and disk dispersal in the middle and outer regions of the thin accretion disk.
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spelling doaj-art-e17a345ba8ac436fbc9e4fad2c6fbc9a2025-08-20T02:48:50ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01976111110.3847/1538-4357/ad822bThe Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with OutflowsMahmoud Gholipour0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-0082Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh1Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM), University of Maragheh , P.O. Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran ; gholipour@riaam.ac.irResearch Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM), University of Maragheh , P.O. Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran ; gholipour@riaam.ac.irThis study examines the importance of the thermal effects of ambipolar diffusion (AD), by analyzing the governing properties in the middle and outer regions of a standard thin accretion disk with outflows. To accomplish this, we derive the nonideal magnetohydrodynamic equations, considering both the dynamical and thermal impacts of AD in these regions of the disk. In a stationary state, we utilize the self-similar technique to analyze the vertical structure of a disk with outflows and express the ambipolar diffusivity in terms of the Alfvén velocity and the Elsässer number. Our main focus is on the vertical temperature profile at large radii of the disk when the values of the Elsässer number are small. While the findings indicate that AD heating has minimal effects within the disk, it does play a critical role near the disk surface. When the Elsässer number is low, there is a notable rate of outflows and disk evaporation, resulting in angular momentum transport in these regions. This issue becomes important when we decrease the value of turbulent viscosity, as it leads to highlighting the AD heating effect. This allows the surface regions to become hotter and results in an increase in the drive of the outflows. The results of this research may be important for studying disk coronae and disk dispersal in the middle and outer regions of the thin accretion disk.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad822bMagnetic fieldsStellar accretion
spellingShingle Mahmoud Gholipour
Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh
The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows
The Astrophysical Journal
Magnetic fields
Stellar accretion
title The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows
title_full The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows
title_fullStr The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows
title_full_unstemmed The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows
title_short The Importance of Ambipolar Heating in the Standard Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows
title_sort importance of ambipolar heating in the standard thin accretion disk with outflows
topic Magnetic fields
Stellar accretion
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad822b
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