The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China
Sea urchins produced by aquaculture could enhance declining wild populations and provide a sufficient roe product to satisfy increasing market demand. This study reports a method for large-scale rearing of the edible tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides, from induction of larval metamorphosis an...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424004599 |
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| author | Yikun Cen Youkai Tu Jinhui Wu Hong Wu Dong Wang Zonghe Yu |
| author_facet | Yikun Cen Youkai Tu Jinhui Wu Hong Wu Dong Wang Zonghe Yu |
| author_sort | Yikun Cen |
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| description | Sea urchins produced by aquaculture could enhance declining wild populations and provide a sufficient roe product to satisfy increasing market demand. This study reports a method for large-scale rearing of the edible tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides, from induction of larval metamorphosis and settlement, to juvenile rearing and grow-out. Larvae were reared in 500-L hatchery tanks, on a diet of the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri at concentrations ranging from 2500 to 24,000 cells mL−1, with daily water renewal of one-third to two-thirds of the volume depending on their developmental stage. The larvae breeding protocol proved suitable for this species, and competent larvae occurred at 12 days post-fertilization. To induce metamorphosis, we tested exposure to potassium chloride (KCl) at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mmol L−1) and for different durations (5, 10, and 20 min). Exposure to 200 mmol L−1 KCl for 5 min resulted in the highest proportion of metamorphosed individuals (41.67 ± 2.89 %). Using this method, the densities of juveniles attaching to settlement plates (232.50 ± 41.23 ind. per plate; settlement percentage ca. 3.88 ± 0.69 %) were approximately twice as high as those of the controls (105.75 ± 15.52 ind. per plate; settlement percentage ca. 1.76 ± 0.26 %). Next, two batches of juveniles were grown out in sea cages. In the first batch (deployed for ca. 4 months), the absolute growth rate of the test diameter (AGRD) was 12.79 ± 0.98 mm month−1 from May to September; in the second batch (deployed for 6 months), the AGRD was 5.68 ± 0.90 mm month−1 from October to May of the following year. Survival of the juvenile S. sphaeroides in the sea cages was high (86.56 %–100 %). Finally, the S. sphaeroides cultivated in the second batch were harvested (at a mean test diameter of 71.24 ± 1.45 mm, and wet weight of 101.24 ± 1.91 g) on May 28 of the second year; all animals had matured and could be successfully utilized as broodstock. The fatty acid composition of the gonads was then compared between cultivated and wild-collected adult S. sphaeroides. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cultivated sea urchins (16.59 ± 0.67 %) exceeded that in wild-collected individuals (13.13 ± 0.42 %). From these experiments we conclude that S. sphaeroides is a sea urchin species with excellent potential for aquaculture; the present methods and data will provide helpful information for their mass production in South China. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e170e0d44c1544b39bd469e0732d0cee |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e170e0d44c1544b39bd469e0732d0cee2025-08-20T02:38:45ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342024-12-013910237110.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102371The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South ChinaYikun Cen0Youkai Tu1Jinhui Wu2Hong Wu3Dong Wang4Zonghe Yu5College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,ChinaAgro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,China; Corresponding author.Sea urchins produced by aquaculture could enhance declining wild populations and provide a sufficient roe product to satisfy increasing market demand. This study reports a method for large-scale rearing of the edible tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides, from induction of larval metamorphosis and settlement, to juvenile rearing and grow-out. Larvae were reared in 500-L hatchery tanks, on a diet of the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri at concentrations ranging from 2500 to 24,000 cells mL−1, with daily water renewal of one-third to two-thirds of the volume depending on their developmental stage. The larvae breeding protocol proved suitable for this species, and competent larvae occurred at 12 days post-fertilization. To induce metamorphosis, we tested exposure to potassium chloride (KCl) at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mmol L−1) and for different durations (5, 10, and 20 min). Exposure to 200 mmol L−1 KCl for 5 min resulted in the highest proportion of metamorphosed individuals (41.67 ± 2.89 %). Using this method, the densities of juveniles attaching to settlement plates (232.50 ± 41.23 ind. per plate; settlement percentage ca. 3.88 ± 0.69 %) were approximately twice as high as those of the controls (105.75 ± 15.52 ind. per plate; settlement percentage ca. 1.76 ± 0.26 %). Next, two batches of juveniles were grown out in sea cages. In the first batch (deployed for ca. 4 months), the absolute growth rate of the test diameter (AGRD) was 12.79 ± 0.98 mm month−1 from May to September; in the second batch (deployed for 6 months), the AGRD was 5.68 ± 0.90 mm month−1 from October to May of the following year. Survival of the juvenile S. sphaeroides in the sea cages was high (86.56 %–100 %). Finally, the S. sphaeroides cultivated in the second batch were harvested (at a mean test diameter of 71.24 ± 1.45 mm, and wet weight of 101.24 ± 1.91 g) on May 28 of the second year; all animals had matured and could be successfully utilized as broodstock. The fatty acid composition of the gonads was then compared between cultivated and wild-collected adult S. sphaeroides. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cultivated sea urchins (16.59 ± 0.67 %) exceeded that in wild-collected individuals (13.13 ± 0.42 %). From these experiments we conclude that S. sphaeroides is a sea urchin species with excellent potential for aquaculture; the present methods and data will provide helpful information for their mass production in South China.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424004599Sea urchinLarval rearingMetamorphosisSea cageNutritional value |
| spellingShingle | Yikun Cen Youkai Tu Jinhui Wu Hong Wu Dong Wang Zonghe Yu The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China Aquaculture Reports Sea urchin Larval rearing Metamorphosis Sea cage Nutritional value |
| title | The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China |
| title_full | The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China |
| title_fullStr | The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China |
| title_short | The culture of the tropical sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides: A new candidate for aquaculture in South China |
| title_sort | culture of the tropical sea urchin salmacis sphaeroides a new candidate for aquaculture in south china |
| topic | Sea urchin Larval rearing Metamorphosis Sea cage Nutritional value |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424004599 |
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