Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography

Abstract Volcanic basalt samples originating from two historic eruptions, that is, the 1991 C.E. Hekla, Iceland, and 1944 C.E. Vesuvius, Italy, have been studied to determine the 3D tomographic and spatial distributions of their constituent (titano)magnetite minerals using SEM‐FIB slice‐and‐view. De...

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Main Authors: Hristo Gergov, Adrian R. Muxworthy, Wyn Williams, Alison C. Cowan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011776
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author Hristo Gergov
Adrian R. Muxworthy
Wyn Williams
Alison C. Cowan
author_facet Hristo Gergov
Adrian R. Muxworthy
Wyn Williams
Alison C. Cowan
author_sort Hristo Gergov
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Volcanic basalt samples originating from two historic eruptions, that is, the 1991 C.E. Hekla, Iceland, and 1944 C.E. Vesuvius, Italy, have been studied to determine the 3D tomographic and spatial distributions of their constituent (titano)magnetite minerals using SEM‐FIB slice‐and‐view. Determining the morphology is key to quantifying the magnetic recording fidelity of a rock, as grain morphology is a primary control of the magnetic (domain) state of a grain, which in turn determines magnetic recording fidelity. Smaller grains are magnetically uniform and are termed single domain (SD). A surface morphology resolution of ∼2 nm was achieved and the smallest grains that were resolved with ∼21 nm in diameter; a total of 971 particles were analyzed. We determined a median equivalent‐volume spherical diameter of 70 nm for the Hekla sample, and 135 nm for the Vesuvius sample. The particles had nearest‐neighbor distances of 184 and 355 nm, indicate the majority of grains were free from magnetostatic interactions. In both samples there was a roughly even split between oblate and prolate grains. This number of oblate grains is much higher than traditionally assumed, and will have implications for many paleomagnetic methods which assume prolate grains, for example, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis. Numerical micromagnetic analysis of the grain‐morphologies, predict that ∼64% of the Hekla grains have SD ground‐states (∼6% by volume), but only ∼26% of the Vesuvius grains have SD ground‐states (∼1% by volume). Both samples are predicted to be excellent paleomagnetic recorders, with median relaxation times far larger than the length of the Universe.
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spelling doaj-art-e16cf2cdef924d55baf2f91e5394d5702025-08-20T03:44:04ZengWileyGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems1525-20272025-03-01263n/an/a10.1029/2024GC011776Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D NanotomographyHristo Gergov0Adrian R. Muxworthy1Wyn Williams2Alison C. Cowan3Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London London UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London London UKSchool of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London London UKAbstract Volcanic basalt samples originating from two historic eruptions, that is, the 1991 C.E. Hekla, Iceland, and 1944 C.E. Vesuvius, Italy, have been studied to determine the 3D tomographic and spatial distributions of their constituent (titano)magnetite minerals using SEM‐FIB slice‐and‐view. Determining the morphology is key to quantifying the magnetic recording fidelity of a rock, as grain morphology is a primary control of the magnetic (domain) state of a grain, which in turn determines magnetic recording fidelity. Smaller grains are magnetically uniform and are termed single domain (SD). A surface morphology resolution of ∼2 nm was achieved and the smallest grains that were resolved with ∼21 nm in diameter; a total of 971 particles were analyzed. We determined a median equivalent‐volume spherical diameter of 70 nm for the Hekla sample, and 135 nm for the Vesuvius sample. The particles had nearest‐neighbor distances of 184 and 355 nm, indicate the majority of grains were free from magnetostatic interactions. In both samples there was a roughly even split between oblate and prolate grains. This number of oblate grains is much higher than traditionally assumed, and will have implications for many paleomagnetic methods which assume prolate grains, for example, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis. Numerical micromagnetic analysis of the grain‐morphologies, predict that ∼64% of the Hekla grains have SD ground‐states (∼6% by volume), but only ∼26% of the Vesuvius grains have SD ground‐states (∼1% by volume). Both samples are predicted to be excellent paleomagnetic recorders, with median relaxation times far larger than the length of the Universe.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011776
spellingShingle Hristo Gergov
Adrian R. Muxworthy
Wyn Williams
Alison C. Cowan
Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
title Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography
title_full Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography
title_fullStr Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography
title_full_unstemmed Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography
title_short Magnetic Recording Fidelity of Basalts Through 3D Nanotomography
title_sort magnetic recording fidelity of basalts through 3d nanotomography
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011776
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AT adrianrmuxworthy magneticrecordingfidelityofbasaltsthrough3dnanotomography
AT wynwilliams magneticrecordingfidelityofbasaltsthrough3dnanotomography
AT alisonccowan magneticrecordingfidelityofbasaltsthrough3dnanotomography