Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow

Abstract The reliable prediction of sediment transport capacity (Tc) is essential for soil erosion models. Although rock fragments are a common surface cover type, quantitative studies on their relationship with Tc are limited. Tc typically follows a power function with slope gradient (S) and flow d...

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Main Authors: Lixia Dong, Suhua Fu, Baoyuan Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR038621
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author Lixia Dong
Suhua Fu
Baoyuan Liu
author_facet Lixia Dong
Suhua Fu
Baoyuan Liu
author_sort Lixia Dong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The reliable prediction of sediment transport capacity (Tc) is essential for soil erosion models. Although rock fragments are a common surface cover type, quantitative studies on their relationship with Tc are limited. Tc typically follows a power function with slope gradient (S) and flow discharge (q) under bare flumes, but varying exponents complicate practical application. This study aims to investigate the effect of rock fragment cover on Tc, explore the interactive effects of S, q, and cover on Tc, and ultimately develop a universal Tc prediction equation and assess its feasibility for different scenarios. Flume experiments on Tc with rock fragment cover have been conducted, and many existing Tc prediction equations have been reviewed. The results revealed that the effects of S and q on the relationship between rock fragment cover and Tc were minor and that the impact of rock fragment cover on the relationships of S and q with Tc was also not significant. Consequently, a new universal equation for Tc incorporating cover was developed. This equation featured fixed exponents of 1.66 for S and 1.22 for q and was applicable across various slope gradient, flow discharge, coverage and cover type conditions. Moreover, the impact of rock fragment cover on Tc reduction was significantly less than those of litter cover and stem basal cover (P < 0.05). Therefore, the role of rock fragments should be considered separately in soil erosion models. These findings could significantly advance the practical application of the Tc prediction equation.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-e16cef584736467aa771361dcd40d9fd2025-08-20T03:22:12ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732025-01-01611n/an/a10.1029/2024WR038621Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland FlowLixia Dong0Suhua Fu1Baoyuan Liu2State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing PR ChinaAbstract The reliable prediction of sediment transport capacity (Tc) is essential for soil erosion models. Although rock fragments are a common surface cover type, quantitative studies on their relationship with Tc are limited. Tc typically follows a power function with slope gradient (S) and flow discharge (q) under bare flumes, but varying exponents complicate practical application. This study aims to investigate the effect of rock fragment cover on Tc, explore the interactive effects of S, q, and cover on Tc, and ultimately develop a universal Tc prediction equation and assess its feasibility for different scenarios. Flume experiments on Tc with rock fragment cover have been conducted, and many existing Tc prediction equations have been reviewed. The results revealed that the effects of S and q on the relationship between rock fragment cover and Tc were minor and that the impact of rock fragment cover on the relationships of S and q with Tc was also not significant. Consequently, a new universal equation for Tc incorporating cover was developed. This equation featured fixed exponents of 1.66 for S and 1.22 for q and was applicable across various slope gradient, flow discharge, coverage and cover type conditions. Moreover, the impact of rock fragment cover on Tc reduction was significantly less than those of litter cover and stem basal cover (P < 0.05). Therefore, the role of rock fragments should be considered separately in soil erosion models. These findings could significantly advance the practical application of the Tc prediction equation.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR038621rock fragment coversediment transport capacityslope gradientflow dischargesoil erosion model
spellingShingle Lixia Dong
Suhua Fu
Baoyuan Liu
Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow
Water Resources Research
rock fragment cover
sediment transport capacity
slope gradient
flow discharge
soil erosion model
title Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow
title_full Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow
title_fullStr Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow
title_short Effects of Rock Fragment Cover on the Sediment Transport Capacity of Overland Flow
title_sort effects of rock fragment cover on the sediment transport capacity of overland flow
topic rock fragment cover
sediment transport capacity
slope gradient
flow discharge
soil erosion model
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR038621
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AT suhuafu effectsofrockfragmentcoveronthesedimenttransportcapacityofoverlandflow
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