Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing
This study employs layer-by-layer self-assembly technology to develop novel antibacterial hemostatic microspheres to tackle significant blood loss and related complications resulting from accidents, surgeries, and natural disasters. By measuring the zeta potential and particle size of protamine, car...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/160 |
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| author | Danling Mei Feifan Cheng Yifan Li Suzhen Zhang Xueqin Zhao Yanyan Zhao |
| author_facet | Danling Mei Feifan Cheng Yifan Li Suzhen Zhang Xueqin Zhao Yanyan Zhao |
| author_sort | Danling Mei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study employs layer-by-layer self-assembly technology to develop novel antibacterial hemostatic microspheres to tackle significant blood loss and related complications resulting from accidents, surgeries, and natural disasters. By measuring the zeta potential and particle size of protamine, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), and hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), the optimal assembly conditions were determined. The optimal pH for the monolayer assembly is 3.0, with a CMS concentration of 3 mg/mL and a mass ratio of 1:4 between protamine and CMS, and the assembly process lasts for 2 h. The optimal assembly conditions for the bilayer assembly are a pH of 4.0, an HACC concentration of 1 mg/mL, and a mass ratio of the one-layer assembly to HACC of 1:2. The performance of the assembled microspheres was analyzed via antibacterial and coagulation experiments, revealing excellent antibacterial and coagulation effects, with inhibition rates against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> both exceeding 99%, and a coagulation index of 0%. Additionally, the bilayer assembled microspheres also exhibited strong adsorption capacity and good biocompatibility. In summary, this study provides important scientific evidence for the development of new hemostatic materials, demonstrating significant clinical application potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1650e0edaee446c9689c9f8bcf4a291 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1650e0edaee446c9689c9f8bcf4a2912025-08-20T02:18:19ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972025-04-0123416010.3390/md23040160Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound HealingDanling Mei0Feifan Cheng1Yifan Li2Suzhen Zhang3Xueqin Zhao4Yanyan Zhao5College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaThis study employs layer-by-layer self-assembly technology to develop novel antibacterial hemostatic microspheres to tackle significant blood loss and related complications resulting from accidents, surgeries, and natural disasters. By measuring the zeta potential and particle size of protamine, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), and hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), the optimal assembly conditions were determined. The optimal pH for the monolayer assembly is 3.0, with a CMS concentration of 3 mg/mL and a mass ratio of 1:4 between protamine and CMS, and the assembly process lasts for 2 h. The optimal assembly conditions for the bilayer assembly are a pH of 4.0, an HACC concentration of 1 mg/mL, and a mass ratio of the one-layer assembly to HACC of 1:2. The performance of the assembled microspheres was analyzed via antibacterial and coagulation experiments, revealing excellent antibacterial and coagulation effects, with inhibition rates against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> both exceeding 99%, and a coagulation index of 0%. Additionally, the bilayer assembled microspheres also exhibited strong adsorption capacity and good biocompatibility. In summary, this study provides important scientific evidence for the development of new hemostatic materials, demonstrating significant clinical application potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/160protaminecarboxymethyl starchhydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosanlayer-by-layer self-assembly |
| spellingShingle | Danling Mei Feifan Cheng Yifan Li Suzhen Zhang Xueqin Zhao Yanyan Zhao Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing Marine Drugs protamine carboxymethyl starch hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan layer-by-layer self-assembly |
| title | Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing |
| title_full | Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing |
| title_fullStr | Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing |
| title_short | Optimization and Preparation of Polysaccharide–Protamine Microspheres with Enhanced Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing |
| title_sort | optimization and preparation of polysaccharide protamine microspheres with enhanced hemostatic and antibacterial properties for wound healing |
| topic | protamine carboxymethyl starch hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan layer-by-layer self-assembly |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/160 |
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