Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers

Abstract In this study, control methods for the converter inner current loop of HVDC systems were evaluated by comparing different combinations of PI controllers and lead-lag compensators. The evaluation was performed on a 3-terminal voltage source converter (VSC)-based multi-terminal direct current...

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Main Authors: Youngmin Gong, Insu Kim, Wonyoung Choi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89205-8
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author Youngmin Gong
Insu Kim
Wonyoung Choi
author_facet Youngmin Gong
Insu Kim
Wonyoung Choi
author_sort Youngmin Gong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this study, control methods for the converter inner current loop of HVDC systems were evaluated by comparing different combinations of PI controllers and lead-lag compensators. The evaluation was performed on a 3-terminal voltage source converter (VSC)-based multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) system using PSCAD/EMTDC transient analysis simulation. The performance was analyzed under three fault conditions. (alternating current) AC-side single line-to-ground fault, (direct current) DC transmission line fault, and converter disconnection). The results showed that connecting a PI controller to the DC link voltage stabilizer and lead-lag compensators to the power source and load achieved optimal performance with an average overshoot of 78% and an average stabilization time of 398 msec. This represents a 26% reduction in settling time and a 42% increase in overshoot compared to the generic PI controller. The performance was compared by scoring and found to be a 40% increase in control performance. This study demonstrates that lead-lag compensators can significantly improve the control performance of VSC-based MTDC systems.
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spelling doaj-art-e16447ef1dd7484691aa1d502419a4d52025-08-20T03:07:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-89205-8Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllersYoungmin Gong0Insu Kim1Wonyoung Choi2Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha UniversityElectrical and Computer Engineering, Inha UniversityElectrical and Computer Engineering, Inha UniversityAbstract In this study, control methods for the converter inner current loop of HVDC systems were evaluated by comparing different combinations of PI controllers and lead-lag compensators. The evaluation was performed on a 3-terminal voltage source converter (VSC)-based multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) system using PSCAD/EMTDC transient analysis simulation. The performance was analyzed under three fault conditions. (alternating current) AC-side single line-to-ground fault, (direct current) DC transmission line fault, and converter disconnection). The results showed that connecting a PI controller to the DC link voltage stabilizer and lead-lag compensators to the power source and load achieved optimal performance with an average overshoot of 78% and an average stabilization time of 398 msec. This represents a 26% reduction in settling time and a 42% increase in overshoot compared to the generic PI controller. The performance was compared by scoring and found to be a 40% increase in control performance. This study demonstrates that lead-lag compensators can significantly improve the control performance of VSC-based MTDC systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89205-8Current controlGenetic algorithmHVDC transmissionFaultVoltage source converter
spellingShingle Youngmin Gong
Insu Kim
Wonyoung Choi
Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
Scientific Reports
Current control
Genetic algorithm
HVDC transmission
Fault
Voltage source converter
title Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
title_full Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
title_fullStr Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
title_full_unstemmed Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
title_short Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
title_sort improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
topic Current control
Genetic algorithm
HVDC transmission
Fault
Voltage source converter
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89205-8
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AT insukim improvedcontrolofmultiterminaldirectcurrentvoltagesourceconvertersusingproportionalintegralandleadlagcontrollers
AT wonyoungchoi improvedcontrolofmultiterminaldirectcurrentvoltagesourceconvertersusingproportionalintegralandleadlagcontrollers