Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms

Cancer constitutes a significant global health challenge, ranking among the leading contributors to worldwide mortality. The inherent limitations of conventional oncologic interventions, particularly their frequent inability to induce durable remissions in advanced malignancies, continue to drive tr...

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Main Authors: Tianzhu Zhang, Xiao-Mei Yu, Shang-Tian Yang, Wen-Wen Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Microbiology Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/5/92
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author Tianzhu Zhang
Xiao-Mei Yu
Shang-Tian Yang
Wen-Wen Zhou
author_facet Tianzhu Zhang
Xiao-Mei Yu
Shang-Tian Yang
Wen-Wen Zhou
author_sort Tianzhu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Cancer constitutes a significant global health challenge, ranking among the leading contributors to worldwide mortality. The inherent limitations of conventional oncologic interventions, particularly their frequent inability to induce durable remissions in advanced malignancies, continue to drive transformative explorations into novel therapeutic paradigms. In recent years, bacteria-based therapies have gained recognition in the management of solid tumors. Compared to traditional therapeutic modalities, extensive research has demonstrated that bacteria possess remarkable anticancer properties. Gut bacteria, which naturally coexist within the human body, represent a unique category of living cells with inherent advantages for solid tumor treatment. These microorganisms are characterized by their relative safety, ease of cultivation, and potential for use in precision medicine through genetic modifications. Furthermore, gut bacteria exhibit diverse mechanisms of action against tumor cells, with different bacterial species potentially exerting synergistic effects. However, the precise anticancer mechanisms of these bacteria, particularly those of gut microbiota, require further detailed investigation. This review categorizes anticancer gut bacteria according to their effects on cancer cells and elucidates their anticancer mechanisms across five domains: modification of the tumor microenvironment, competitive inhibition, activation of immune cells, vectors for gene therapy, and production of bacterial anticancer biomolecules. Additionally, we discuss the potential challenges of utilizing different gut bacteria for cancer treatment, highlight their anticancer advantages, and suggest promising directions for future research. Ultimately, this review serves as a comprehensive guide for utilizing both natural and engineered gut bacteria as therapeutic agents against solid tumors in cancer treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-e163dca52b154087a18fa89104c5adf82025-08-20T02:33:51ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-04-011659210.3390/microbiolres16050092Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor MechanismsTianzhu Zhang0Xiao-Mei Yu1Shang-Tian Yang2Wen-Wen Zhou3College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USACollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCancer constitutes a significant global health challenge, ranking among the leading contributors to worldwide mortality. The inherent limitations of conventional oncologic interventions, particularly their frequent inability to induce durable remissions in advanced malignancies, continue to drive transformative explorations into novel therapeutic paradigms. In recent years, bacteria-based therapies have gained recognition in the management of solid tumors. Compared to traditional therapeutic modalities, extensive research has demonstrated that bacteria possess remarkable anticancer properties. Gut bacteria, which naturally coexist within the human body, represent a unique category of living cells with inherent advantages for solid tumor treatment. These microorganisms are characterized by their relative safety, ease of cultivation, and potential for use in precision medicine through genetic modifications. Furthermore, gut bacteria exhibit diverse mechanisms of action against tumor cells, with different bacterial species potentially exerting synergistic effects. However, the precise anticancer mechanisms of these bacteria, particularly those of gut microbiota, require further detailed investigation. This review categorizes anticancer gut bacteria according to their effects on cancer cells and elucidates their anticancer mechanisms across five domains: modification of the tumor microenvironment, competitive inhibition, activation of immune cells, vectors for gene therapy, and production of bacterial anticancer biomolecules. Additionally, we discuss the potential challenges of utilizing different gut bacteria for cancer treatment, highlight their anticancer advantages, and suggest promising directions for future research. Ultimately, this review serves as a comprehensive guide for utilizing both natural and engineered gut bacteria as therapeutic agents against solid tumors in cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/5/92anticancer biomoleculescancer therapygut bacteriaimmunotherapytumor microenvironmentsolid tumors
spellingShingle Tianzhu Zhang
Xiao-Mei Yu
Shang-Tian Yang
Wen-Wen Zhou
Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms
Microbiology Research
anticancer biomolecules
cancer therapy
gut bacteria
immunotherapy
tumor microenvironment
solid tumors
title Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms
title_full Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms
title_fullStr Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms
title_short Gut Bacteria-Based Cancer Therapy and Anti-Solid Tumor Mechanisms
title_sort gut bacteria based cancer therapy and anti solid tumor mechanisms
topic anticancer biomolecules
cancer therapy
gut bacteria
immunotherapy
tumor microenvironment
solid tumors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/5/92
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AT xiaomeiyu gutbacteriabasedcancertherapyandantisolidtumormechanisms
AT shangtianyang gutbacteriabasedcancertherapyandantisolidtumormechanisms
AT wenwenzhou gutbacteriabasedcancertherapyandantisolidtumormechanisms